• The rite seren in the Chuvash villages of the Republic of Bashkortostan: traditions and modern local features

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 2

  Author:

  Igor G. Petrov

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  The article deals with the issues of modern existence of the cleansing rite of the spring cycle sĕren among the Chuvash living on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. This topic has not yet become an object of scientific study, which determines the relevance of this work. The purpose of the study is to study the local features of the rite, as well as the processes of its transformation at the current stage, tasks – a brief analysis of the historiography of the issue in scientific literature, a general description of the essence and content of the ritual, its local manifestations in various areas of residence of the Chuvash, the role of the rite in modern ritual practice. The study was conducted using the principles of historicism, objectivity, consistency, specificity, as well as special methods of field ethnography – included observation and interviews. The work is based on the author’s field materials collected in 2002–2004, 2020, 2022 years in the Chuvash villages of the western, southwestern, central and southern regions of the republic. The results of the study showed that the seren rite has undergone significant changes in recent decades. In most settlements, he completely fell out of ritual life and remained in the memory of old-timers, in others he underwent reduction and decreased on a scale and continues his existence as a vital ritual. The latter is probably due to the stability of traditional religious ideas among the Chuvash of the region, which sometimes contribute to the situational reproduction of the rite in different rural communities.

  Keywords:

  Chuvash, Republic of Bashkortostan, ritual culture, cleansing rite seren, local variants and features

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• Local history organizations in the study and preservation of the native language and ethnoculture of the Chuvash in the 1920s

  Review Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 2

  Authors:

  Tikhon S. Sergeev, Ekaterina V. Agaeva

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  The establishment of the Soviet power on the territory of the Russian empire led to a new system of values, activation of the population in all fields of the social life. In the sphere of museum building in the 1920s a noticeable role was played by such public scientific and educational associations as the Society for the Study of the Local Territory in Cheboksary (1921-1931) and the Society for the Study of Chuvash Culture in Moscow (1927-1931). The main aim of the article is to reveal the history of the formation and work of these organizations. The material is presented chronologically. Having established close contacts with scientific institutions throughout Russia and with famous scientists, the local history organizations with a wide network of branches and cells promoted an in-depth study and development of the economy and culture of the Chuvash region and the spiritual culture of the Chuvash, half of whose population lived outside the territory of the autonomy. The special attention these societies paid to the development of the native language and culture of the Chuvash people that allowed the Chuvash people to realize their national identity. During the first decade of the Chuvash Soviet autonomy some successes in the formation of local lore as a science were achieved. On the territory of Chuvashia local history institutions and organizations made a significant contribution to the study of nature, economy, productive forces of the region, as well as the spiritual life of the people. In this period it was the Society for the Study of the Local Territory in Cheboksary and the Society for the Study of Chuvash Culture in Moscow that promoted the preservation and development of the Chuvash language.

  Keywords:

  bilingualism, native language, local history, diaspora, ethnoculture, Chuvash Autonomous Region, Chuvash ASSR, Society for the Study of Local Area, Society for the Study of Chuvash Culture, writing

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• Social autonomy in the Tuvan ethnic group (experimental approach of social assessment of small communities)

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 2

  Author:

  Vera A. Gnevasheva

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  In the work on the Tuvan material, the problem of loneliness is considered. The purpose of the study is to identify the social aspects of social autonomy. The study sets the task of determining the social prerequisites for social autonomy in the context of the role of the family as a small social group and its social function in the formation of the social inclusion of the individual with the subsequent formation of their own social relationships, family guidelines and family constructs. The research task is to determine the specifics, degree and nature of the manifestation of social autonomy in the context of the Tuvan ethnos as an example of a national community that has its own social history, specific traditional values, special national cults of the family, children, specific understanding of the social roles of family members. As a result of the data obtained, statistical estimates were made of the dependence of the main variables that contribute to loneliness or vice versa – reduce its risks. When studying the correlation estimates of the causes of loneliness in the choice of respondents and their answers to the question about the closest social circle, it can be seen that in the absence of their own family, respondents often see the causes of loneliness in the absence of a favorite thing or in the person himself, while the presence of a family forms for the respondents the sphere of employment and encourages them to be as involved as possible in the issues of family and children, thereby leveling all possible causes of feeling of loneliness. The study allows us to draw a conclusion about the importance of one's own family and children in the Tuvan ethnic group. The presence of a generic, cultural, historical understanding of the family, children in the lives of the respondents reflects the social orientation and social focus on the presence of this particular social field as defining for the majority of the respondents.

  Keywords:

  family, social networks, Tuvan ethnos, social autonomy, social loneliness

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• Seasons in the Russian-language writing of the Udmurt poet V. Ar-Sergi

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 2

  Author:

  Evgeniia V. Panteleeva

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The article is devoted to the study of the semantics of the seasons in the Russian-language poetry of the Udmurt poet and prose writer V. Ar-Sergi. The relevance of this work is caused by the fact that today artistic texts of national authors require a holistic conceptual analysis, since they are strongly influenced by Russian literature, which in turn affects their ethnocultural identity. The issue of preserving, strengthening and developing national language in the multilingual space of the Russian Federation is acute. The author undertook an analytical review of the problem on the material of the Ar-Sergi Russian-language poetry. During the study, traditional methods of literary research (quantitative, structural-semiotic, comparison and collation, method of holistic text analysis) were used. Both traditionally mythological and individual authorial realia associated with the perception of calendar natural changes are reflected in the poetic texts of Ar-Sergi. The degree of their semantic connectedness with traditional canons of Udmurt culture is determined. Comprehension of the natural passage of time is closely intertwined with the emotional and psychological plan of the works. The natural landscape axiologically becomes a theme for constant artistic reflection in the poetry of Ar-Sergi. The lexical units from the lexico-semantic group “seasons” have not only a certain temporal semantic load but also denote the internal emotional state of the lyric subject in the poetic texts of the Udmurt poet. The attention of the author is turned not only on his own worldview but also folk-mythological contexts of the whole ethnic group.

  Keywords:

  Udmurt Russian-language poetry, Udmurt folklore, mythopoetic of the seasons

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• Chuvash mystical stories: content component

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 2

  Author:

  Elena V. Fedotova

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The work is devoted to the analysis of texts of Chuvash epics recorded from the end of the XIX to the beginning of the XXI centuries. in the Chuvash villages of the Volga-Ural region. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the content of the texts of Chuvash bylichek, to introduce them into scientific circulation. The study presents the classification of bulls compiled by the author. The work is based on archival and own field materials. The texts are analyzed in a descriptive aspect. At the same time, the author turns to ethnographic and linguistic approaches in the work. A distinctive feature of the Chuvash bylichka is its content: a description of the landscape, furnishings, traditional costume, jewelry, local cultural features. In addition, bylichkas are characterized by enumeration of endemic toponyms, details, the use of certain sets of plots, the mention of household items, tools, harness items, and the performance of various kinds of deeds. The most amazing are the narratives about the transformations of people with supernatural abilities into various household items (cloth, chair, pillow) or into animals (cat, dog, calf, lamb) and back into a person, the transformation of the mortgaged dead into horses, harness items. The ending of the epics often contains the syncretism of two religions: pre-Christian and Christian.

  Keywords:

  classification, Chuvash folklore, bylichka, traditional existence, mythological character, content component

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• Linguistic-stylistic and literary interpretation of S. Zweig’s short story "Governess" at the plot and character level

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 2

  Authors:

  Inna B. Akinshina, Svetlana V. Sleptsova, Oxana V. Kuzmina

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The interaction of literary and linguistic approaches in the process of analyzing a literary text makes it possible to penetrate into the depth of the artistic work. This is the relevance of the study. The authors conducted a philological analysis of the ethical S. Zweig’s short story “The Governess” using these approaches. The following means were identified to characterize the psychological tension of the characters: climax and introspection. The analysis of linguistic-stylistic means in the description of the presented images of characters and their interactions is carried out. The analysis revealed the following tropes: direct nominations amplified by the epithets; repetitions of verbs and nouns; artistic comparisons; metaphors; metonymies; paraphrases; hyperboles; personifications; internal parallelisms; figures of “default”; internal monologues; rhetorical questions and exclamations. Three stages of dynamization of the emotional experiences of the main characters are identified with the help of linguistic-stylistic means: 1) slight suspicion, vague contradiction, caution; 2) distrust, suspicion, nervousness, agitation; 3) open protest, experience, grief, despair, disappointment, tears, silence, darkness. The conclusion states that S. Zweig made the best presentation of linguistic and stylistic means to characterize the main characters and the growth of their emotional tension.

  Keywords:

  introspection, linguistic-stylistic and literary interpretation, linguistic-stylistic analysis, climax, Zweig, short story “The Governess”

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• General extralinguistic factors reinforcing specific ideas about the Cheboksary regiolect of the Russian language

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 2

  Author:

  Eduard V. Fomin

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The study is devoted to the study of the conditions for the formation and functioning of the Cheboksary regiolect of the Russian language, which is distinguished by a number of stable linguistic parameters. The peculiar sound of the speech of the Cheboksary people has developed under the significant substrate influence of the Chuvash language, among the speakers of which there are currently active processes of a linguistic shift in favor of Russian. The work is written in the aspect of sociolinguistics and is based on the author’s long-term observations of the self-esteem of Cheboksary residents and their assessment by visitors. The purpose of the research is to expand the understanding of extralinguistic factors that do not directly affect the specifics of the speech of Cheboksary people, but at the same time enhance the impression of it from outside observers. The article deals with non-linguistic specific features inherent in the capital of the Chuvash Republic, including geographical, climatic, anthropological, technological and other components. Their presence greatly enhances the perception of the sound of the Russian speech of the inhabitants of Cheboksary and its agglomeration as a unique phenomenon of modern Russian culture. In turn, the specific conditions that support the Cheboksary regiolect are the result of a long historical and social process, including the mass migration of the population in the past, the mixing of different ethnic groups among themselves and the formation of modern peoples in their visually fixed physical features, anthropological impact on the ecumene, etc. in relation to the territory of Chuvashia and nearby regions.

  Keywords:

  Chuvash language, Russian language, language contacts, regional variants of the Russian language

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• Ontological Models of Proverbs as Precedent Texts (on the Material of Different Structural Models in the Russian and Chuvash Languages)

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 2

  Authors:

  Aleksei R. Gubanov, Ekaterina A. Kozhemiakova, Galina F. Gubanova

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  This article presents an analysis of proverbs as precedent texts and their ontological (conceptual) models in the Russian and Chuvash languages as having different structures. The relevance of the work is due to the cognitive-pragmatic approach to the linguistic picture of the world of proverbs, as well as the need to determine the status of the ontological model of precedent texts of proverbs as a special structure of knowledge that characterizes the features of ethno-linguistic consciousness. Based on the material of Russian and Chuvash proverbs, a conceptual analysis of the precedent texts of proverbs is carried out. The basic models of the subject's cognitive decision-making strategy are distinguished: 1) cognitive setting for a low / high degree of argumentative impact: a) with the axiological dominant “gradation”; b) with a stereotypical dominant; c) with adaptive dominant; 2) cognitive attitude with the axiological component “positive – negative”. The identified types of axiological components of conceptual objects act as factors, grounds that ensure the use of proverbs as an argument, reflecting the values and traditions of the Russian and Chuvash cultural communities. Characteristic for acts of argumentation in which proverbs are used are such basic structures as one-sided argumentation and two-sided argumentation. In the discourse in the relationship of communicants in the languages under consideration, simple and complex speech acts with proverbs are used, which have the same pragmatic features, but differ in quantitative terms and communicative conditions of functioning. The structure of the precedent text of proverbs is presented as an ontology in the Protégé ontology editor system, since in modern research ontology is considered the leading paradigm of information content structuring.

  Keywords:

  conceptual analysis, proverbs, precedent text, ontological model, argumentative discourse, languages of different structures, ethno-linguistic consciousness, cognitive-pragmatic approach, speech act, Protege system

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• Linguistic representation of the concept “market” in attributive structures (based on the British publicistic text)

  Review Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 2

  Authors:

  Vera V. Koroleva, Marina S. Rumyantseva

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The article reveals the notion of “attribute” and provides the characteristic features of the attributive syntactic structures of the analyzed concept “market”. The purpose of the study is to describe the structure and semantics of the following syntactic models: N + N, P + N, DJ + N, PT + N, NU + N, with the nuclear lexeme “market” in publicistic texts. The relevance of the work is due to the insufficiency of study of the concept we are examining at the syntactic level. The main focus is on the analysis of prepositional one- and two-component attributive structures, as well as the characteristics of the semantic relationships of the elements of the phrase. The material for the study was the articles from the magazine “The Economist” (2023). In the course of the work, the methods of conceptual, contextual, semantic and logical analysis were used. The results of the research showed that the syntactic structures of the substantive and adjective group are the most frequent in the studied texts. The connection of the lexemes within the selected contexts is conditioned on semantic relationships of performance, belonging or purpose. Consideration of attributive phrases makes it possible to expand the following slots of the concept under study: market mechanism, market structure and state of market by including lexemes defining the core lexical unit.

  Keywords:

  concept, semantics, attribute, attributive constructions, syntactic structure, semantic relationships

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• Metasubject approach to teaching geography on the example of studying the life of the Eskimos

  Review Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 2

  Author:

  Galina S. Samigullina

  Work direction:

  Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education

  Abstract:

  The purpose of the work is to substantiate the meta-subject approach to teaching geography on the example of studying the life of ethnic groups. Based on the methods of analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature and technological maps of lessons taken from teachers' websites; designing the meta-subject content of educational tasks in the course of school geography, the need to use the subject and meta-subject approach in their totality was identified and justified. The author's assignments for the development of basic logical actions among students and the formation of interdisciplinary concepts were developed with the involvement of knowledge, methods of activity and concepts of related disciplines on the example of studying the life and life of the Eskimos in the subarctic tundra. The meta-subject approach made it possible to realize the pedagogical potential of geography in the educational process using the knowledge of history, biology, physics, and chemistry. Interdisciplinary concepts were revealed in the study of the dwellings of the Eskimos. The results of the study were tested in the system of advanced training for teachers of geography, biology, chemistry, physics; in the system of training future teachers of geography and ecology. The developed complex integrated tasks, in which universal learning activities require a logical continuation using interdisciplinary concepts, can be used in the study of disciplines at the bachelor’s-lauric level “Project activity in education”, the master’s program “Formation of meta-subject learning outcomes in geography”.

  Keywords:

  geography, subject approach, metasubject approach, related disciplines

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