List of publications on a keyword: «the St»
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The State as an institution for the implementation of the principles of social justice: Russian and German scientific points of view
Book ChapterVectors of socio-economic development in Russia. Modern challenges and opportunities- Author:
- Sergei L. Danilchenko
- Work direction:
- Глава 1
- Abstract:
- Economic development inevitably leads to a significant increase in inequality in the distribution of income and national wealth. Worryingly, inequality is growing year after year. Official data on inequality are underestimated, as the share of income hidden from taxation is at least twice as much as that shown in official statistics. The sharp increase in inequality was largely due to the transition to neoliberal policies that encouraged the monopolization of production to the detriment of wage labor positions and, to some extent, the participation of nation States in the global globalization of the economy. High income inequality will slow down any national modernization and generate further stratification of citizens. The proportion of excessive inequality between 10–20 percent of the rich and 80 percent of the poor and poor in the modern world is constantly growing.
- Keywords:
- the state as a moral institution, the concept of social justice, the problem of income differentiation
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Vectors of state policy in the field of teacher education and the development of the human potential of teaching staff in the Russian Federation
Review ArticleDevelopment of education Volume 7 No 4- Author:
- Irina V. Shontukova
- Work direction:
- Pedagogy and Modern Education
- Abstract:
- Increasing the human potential of teaching staff takes one of their leading places in identifying urgent tasks to improve the quality of general education as the main vector of development of state educational policy. The interrelation and interdependence of the processes of increasing the human potential of teachers and the quality of educational results of students are beyond doubt determines the relevance of the presented research. The purpose of this article is to identify the main directions of state policy in the field of teacher education and the development of the human potential of teaching staff in the Russian Federation. The main materials for the study were federal and regional regulatory documents reflecting the main directions of state policy in the field of teacher education and the development of the human resources of teaching staff in the Russian Federation, and the main research method in the presented work was the analysis of these documents. In addition, the study was also based on an analysis of the regional practice of implementing the main directions of state policy in the field of education on the example of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. As a result of the study, the main vectors of the state educational policy in the field of teacher education and the development of the human potential of teaching staff in the Russian Federation were identified.
- Keywords:
- the personnel potential of teachers, the state educational policy, the national system of professional growth of teaching staff
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Traditional values of the Russian State-civilization in the context of modern domestic education
Book ChapterModern educational technologies: Pedagogy and Psychology- Author:
- Sergei L. Danilchenko
- Work direction:
- Глава 1
- Abstract:
- Traditional Russian spiritual and moral values are life, dignity, human rights and freedoms, patriotism, citizenship, service to the Fatherland and responsibility for its fate, high moral ideals, strong family, creative work, priority of the spiritual over the material, humanism, mercy, justice, collectivism, mutual assistance and mutual respect, historical memory and continuity of generations, the unity of the peoples of Russia. They were formed in connection with the process of formation and strengthening of statehood. This led to the formation of Russia as a civilizational state. This quality captures the current state of Russian statehood, which, unlike a national state or a nation-state, accommodates an entire civilization that arose as a result of the unity of people who are different in their ethnic, confessional, cultural affiliation, but united on the basis of common spiritual and moral values.
- Keywords:
- Russian identity, the state is a civilization, falsifications of historical truth, threats to the civilizational foundations of Russia, the moral state of society, ensuring the security of the country, the values of the Russian people, the traditions of the Russian people
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Experience of working with the state information system «Memory of the People» in the study of documents and information related to the participants of the Great Patriotic War
ProceedingUniversity as a factor of Modernization of Russia: History and Prospects (to the 55th anniversary of the I.N. Ulyanov ChSU)- Author:
- Alsu B. Nasibullina
- Work direction:
- Проблемы отражения событий войны в исторической памяти и мемориальной культуре
- Abstract:
- The article considers the experience of search work using the state information system «Memory of the people» in the study of the war period in the history of Kirby village of Laishevsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. In the process of clarifying information about the participants of the Great Patriotic War, the features of the material collected using this information system were analyzed, which may be useful to researchers or relatives of war participants.
- Keywords:
- the Great Patriotic War, the state information system «Memory of the people», missing persons, Kirby village, Laishevsky district, front-line soldier
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Meropriiatiia po sovershenstvovaniiu obespecheniia finansovoi bezopasnosti Rossii
Book ChapterEconomics and Law: problems, strategy, monitoring- Author:
- Zarina A. Ailarova
- Work direction:
- Глава 1
- Abstract:
- The scope of security discussed in the chapter is an actual subject of research by scientists, specialists in economics and finance, government managers, political scientists, sociologists and the like. The interest in security in scientific research is a relatively new direction and is due to the actualization of the problems of the preservation and development of the individual, citizen, society, state, nation and civilization as a whole.
- Keywords:
- financial security, competitiveness of the national economy, threats to the financial system, the state of the balance of payments, security factors
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Gosudarstvenno-pravovoe regulirovanie nesostoiatel'nosti (bankrotstva)
Book ChapterEconomics and Law- Author:
- Elena V. Iakovenko
- Work direction:
- Глава 3
- Abstract:
- This study is devoted to the study of the fundamentals of legal regulation of the institute of insolvency (bankruptcy) in Russia, as well as the role of the state in the regulation and implementation of this institution. The author considers the system of normative legal acts and acts of interpretation operating in the field of insolvency (bankruptcy), the main directions of state policy, tasks and functions of public authorities directly involved in the implementation of legislation on insolvency (bankruptcy). During the study of these issues, the author analyzed scientific literature, judicial practice, as well as materials of judicial statistics showing trends in the development of the institute of insolvency (bankruptcy) in Russia and the practice of its application. Based on the analysis, conclusions are drawn about the need to improve the regulatory framework of this institution, including taking into account the adjustment of the distribution of functions between public authorities, which will increase the effectiveness of the implementation of bankruptcy procedures in practice.
- Keywords:
- bankruptcy, insolvency, state regulation of bankruptcy, functions of the state in bankruptcy procedures, bankruptcy statistics, restoration of solvency, problems of legal regulation of bankruptcy
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Local history organizations in the study and preservation of the native language and ethnoculture of the Chuvash in the 1920s
Review ArticleEthnic Culture Volume 5 No 2- Authors:
- Tikhon S. Sergeev, Ekaterina V. Agaeva
- Work direction:
- Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology
- Abstract:
- The establishment of the Soviet power on the territory of the Russian empire led to a new system of values, activation of the population in all fields of the social life. In the sphere of museum building in the 1920s a noticeable role was played by such public scientific and educational associations as the Society for the Study of the Local Territory in Cheboksary (1921-1931) and the Society for the Study of Chuvash Culture in Moscow (1927-1931). The main aim of the article is to reveal the history of the formation and work of these organizations. The material is presented chronologically. Having established close contacts with scientific institutions throughout Russia and with famous scientists, the local history organizations with a wide network of branches and cells promoted an in-depth study and development of the economy and culture of the Chuvash region and the spiritual culture of the Chuvash, half of whose population lived outside the territory of the autonomy. The special attention these societies paid to the development of the native language and culture of the Chuvash people that allowed the Chuvash people to realize their national identity. During the first decade of the Chuvash Soviet autonomy some successes in the formation of local lore as a science were achieved. On the territory of Chuvashia local history institutions and organizations made a significant contribution to the study of nature, economy, productive forces of the region, as well as the spiritual life of the people. In this period it was the Society for the Study of the Local Territory in Cheboksary and the Society for the Study of Chuvash Culture in Moscow that promoted the preservation and development of the Chuvash language.
- Keywords:
- bilingualism, native language, local history, diaspora, ethnoculture, Chuvash Autonomous Region, Chuvash ASSR, Society for the Study of Local Area, Society for the Study of Chuvash Culture, writing
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Development of Educational and Research Independence From the Perspective of Medical University Students
Research ArticleDevelopment of education Volume 5 No 4- Authors:
- Marina A. Grigolashvili, Yelena V. Yepifantseva, Polina S. Semenikhina
- Work direction:
- Pedagogy and Modern Education
- Abstract:
- Introduction: As a full-fledged Bologna process participant, Kazakhstan is continuously implementing reforms aimed at medical education, impacting country's human capital. The professional capable of a lifelong learning is the main goal of modern education. The central role in reaching this goal is entrusted to the higher education. The relevance of our study lies within the curriculum changes with more hours for students’ independent work, which is the main method of obtaining reliable information and acquiring competence for lifelong learning. The aim of our study was to evaluate the students’ opinion on the self-study system at the Karaganda Medical University, revealing existing difficulties in the students’ acceptance of the Bologna process requirements, identifying methods to increase their involvement in self-education and scientific research. Materials and Methods: an anonymous survey was conducted among the 426 of the 3rd – 7th year and residency students, including 20 questions to identify students’ attitude to the individual work methodology as a factor for the development of skills for lifelong learning. Results and Discussion: the majority of students are voluntarily involved in the independent learning, understand its purpose, and use English-language sources with reliable up-to-date information. Less than half of the students evaluate their skills of information search and presentation as «average» and only about a quarter of them as «high». More than half of the students demonstrate interest in increasing their level of competence with these skills. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that since the Republic of Kazakhstan accession to the BP the «Karaganda Medical University» successfully integrates new educational requirements into the educational process. Higher education system needs further improvement to better understand the students, remove barriers to progress and preserve students’ motivation to further develop personal potential.
- Keywords:
- higher education system, medical education, Bologna process, Kazakhstan, independent work of the student, research work
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UNFAVORABLE EDUCATIONAL CLIMATE: LEARNING SAFETY
ProceedingPsychologically Safe Educational Environment: Design Problems and Development Prospects- Author:
- Nikita I. Spiridonov
- Work direction:
- Well-Being and Security of a Person in Contemporary Educational Environment
- Abstract:
- An unfavorable educational climate can affect the psyche and state of the student from the negative side. This will contribute to his poor academic performance, low digestibility of information and negative behavior. In any educational institution, the learning environment should be favorable so that students feel comfortable in the environment. In this article, we will consider the concept of an unfavorable educational climate, its causes and the safety of education.
- Keywords:
- educational process, student, Psychological state of the student, psyche, psychologically safe learning environment, unfavorable educational climate, learning safety
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Application of digital technologies for monitoring the psychological state of students of the machine-building complex
ProceedingPsychologically Safe Educational Environment: Design Problems and Development Prospects- Author:
- Elizaveta V. Bushueva
- Work direction:
- Well-Being and Security of a Person in Contemporary Educational Environment
- Abstract:
- It is necessary to maintain the psychological state of students for good functionality of the entire educational system. To do this, it is necessary to conduct intermediate monitoring of the psychological state of students of the machine-building complex. With the use of modern digital technologies, this work has become much easier and more efficient. In this article, we will consider the practical implementation of monitoring the psychological state of students of the machine-building complex.
- Keywords:
- educational process, Mechanical engineering, student, Psychological state of the student, psyche, psychologically safe learning environment, machine-building complex
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GOOD STUDENT HEALTH IS THE KEY TO IMPROVED EDUCATION
ProceedingPsychologically Safe Educational Environment: Design Problems and Development Prospects- Author:
- Svetlana F. Barannik
- Work direction:
- Well-Being and Security of a Person in Contemporary Educational Environment
- Abstract:
- The health and well-being of students and the improvement of the quality of education are directly related to each other. Health-saving technologies are being introduced into educational institutions more and more often. With the help of digital technologies and other measures to improve the health of students, there will be a leap in the quality of education. In this article, we consider the problem of the relationship between children's health and the development of education.
- Keywords:
- educational process, quality of education, student, Psychological state of the student, psyche, psychologically safe learning environment, health of students
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Values and the personality of citizen in the context of the development of the ideas of the «Frankfurt School»
ProceedingSocio-Pedagogical Issues of Education and Upbringing- Author:
- Richard I. Seropian
- Work direction:
- Теория и методика обучения и воспитания
- Abstract:
- The history of the last decades of the twentieth century shows that we live in a world where citizenship, social significance and self-awareness not only fundamental for the individual, but preserving the independence, social stability and security of the state. A person who claims to be a citizen is distinguished by patriotism, a desire to demonstrate civic courage and dignity and the ability and willingness to defend his or her country. The following article examines the representatives of the «Frankfurt School» who made an invaluable contribution to the creation of the theory and practice of civic and patriotic education.
- Keywords:
- education, the state, values, patriotism, methodology, culture, pedagogy, citizenship, citizen, personal education
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Domestic education in the period of "enlightened absolutism"
ProceedingTopical Issues of Archaeology, Ethnography and History- Author:
- Sergei L. Danilchenko
- Work direction:
- Исторические исследования
- Abstract:
- Domestic education in the period of "enlightened absolutism" made a significant step forward. By the time of Catherine II's accession to the tsarist throne, education expenses amounted to only 0.15% of the state budget. By 1794, 1.28% was already allocated for education in the country, and 9% was spent on the maintenance of the Empress's court. At the end of the XVIII century, there were about 550 different educational institutions in the Russian Empire, in which up to 62,000 students studied. Among them there were about 400 public schools, over 60 theological seminaries and about 60 class-closed educational institutions.
- Keywords:
- Domestic education, the period of "enlightened absolutism", education costs, the state budget, a network of educational institutions, Moscow University, public schools, theological seminaries, class-closed educational institutions
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Russian Orthodox Churches in Birlya and Taburnoe Villages of the Ulyanovsk Oblast
Research ArticleEthnic Culture Volume 3 No 4- Authors:
- Evgeniy A. Burdin, Kirill V. Safin
- Work direction:
- Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology
- Abstract:
- The article reflects the results of research on the topic «History and cultural heritage of the settlements of the Ulyanovsk region." The subject of the research is the history of the St. Michael the Archangel's Church and the Kazan-Mother of God church in the villages of Birlya and Taburnoe (now belonging to Melekessky district of the Ulyanovsk region). The purpose of the article is to identify the most important periods of the above-mentioned churches from the end of the 19-th century to the 1950-s, to establish the composition of the clergy, and the educational work of the clergy among the population. Analysis of unpublished documents from the Central State Archives of the Samara Region allowed to establish: the ethnic composition of the settlements, socio-economic status of inhabitants, reasons and patterns of migration of the local population; the foundation and liquidation dates of the churches, facts of life of church ministers and parish; statistical data on the economic structure of the clergy. The Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk and Kazan-Mother of God churches in the villages of Birlya and Taburnoye are lost monuments of the Orthodox cultural heritage. Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk and Kazan-Mother of God churches were built, respectively, at the end of the 19th century. and destroyed in the first half of the 1950-s. in connection with the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station, and their location is flooded by a reservoir.
- Keywords:
- Birlya, the Kazan-Mother of God church, the St, Michael the Archangel's Church, the Orthodox Church
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Pedagogical Problems of Family Education
Book ChapterPedagogy and Psychology of Modern Education- Authors:
- Ekaterina K. Ivanova, A N. Ivanova
- Work direction:
- Глава 11
- Abstract:
- The article reveals the current problems of raising children in the family, highlights the features of the functioning of the family in the fiekd of children education, considers the main ways of interaction between preschool institutions, schools and parents in order to organize family life in a pedagogically appropriate way.
- Keywords:
- family education of children, factors of the effectiveness of family education, ethical and pedagogical requirements for the style of relationships with students and their parents
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The Practice of Implementing Work Programs of Education in Educational Organizations of the Chuvash Republic
Research ArticleDevelopment of education Volume 4 No 3- Author:
- Galina V. Nikolaeva
- Work direction:
- Practice
- Abstract:
- The purpose of the article is to present the practical experience of educational organizations of the Chuvash Republic in bringing the basic educational programs into compliance with the requirements of the Law on Education No. 273-FZ (as amended on July 31, 2020), in particular, on the development and implementation of the work program of education and the calendar plan of educational work as an integral part of the basic educational program to the pedagogical community; to describe the mechanism of organizational and managerial, informational, methodological support of educational activities of educational organizations of the Chuvash Republic. Methods. The study of the dynamics of the readiness of educational organizations of the Chuvash Republic to implement work programs of education was carried out using a comparative comprehensive analysis based on the results of monitoring studies, the compilation of ratings of educational organizations, discussions. Results. The need for organizational, managerial, informational, methodological support of the activities of educational organizations for the development of work programs of education and calendar plans of educational work led to the development of a republican model of methodological support of educational activities. Local activities, as well as the distributed responsibility of the subjects of the republican education system, including methodological support systems, for the preparation of teaching teams for the development and implementation of work programs of education and calendar plans of educational work, provided quantitative and qualitative indicators of the readiness of the regional education system to implement educational activities in accordance with the requirements of the Law on Education No. 273-FZ (as amended on July 31, 2020). Conclusion. The conducted research revealed the existence of an appropriate level of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the readiness of the education system of the Chuvash Republic to implement educational tasks and determined the further direction of its development - methodological support of educational activities of educational organizations, ensuring the quality of this area of work.
- Keywords:
- education, personality development, universal values, the activity nature of upbringing, the unity of scheduled and extracurricular activities, a systematic approach, the structure of the main educational program, the steering educational program, the calendar plan of educational work
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Psychology of Behavior of Managers in Conflict Situations of Educational Activities
ProceedingPedagogy, Psychology, Society- Author:
- Mikhail M. Berulava
- Work direction:
- Развитие психолого-педагогического сопровождения в современном образовании
- Abstract:
- The presented article is based on the results of a study of the behavior of leaders of educational organizations and institutions in conflict situations. The main theories that develop ways of solving the problem under study from the standpoint of modern psychology have been determined. The aspects of increasing the competence of managers to resolve conflicts in educational activities are considered, taking into account its fundamentally important components. The results of in-depth study of the phenomena necessary for psychological and pedagogical practice are characterized: individual strategies of behavior; the role of unconscious patterns of behavior; stable attitudes of behavior; hierarchy of scenarios and styles of behavior of educational leaders in conflict situations. Variants of using research materials in the experience of heads of educational organizations and institutions are proposed
- Keywords:
- The presented article is based on the results of a study of the behavior of leaders of educational o, The main theories that develop ways of solving the problem under study from the standpoint of modern, The aspects of increasing the competence of managers to resolve conflicts in educational activities, taking into account its fundamentally important components, The results of in-depth study of the phenomena necessary for psychological and pedagogical practice, the role of unconscious patterns of behavior, stable attitudes of behavior, hierarchy of scenarios and styles of behavior of educational leaders in conflict situations, Variants of using research materials in the experience of heads of educational organizations and ins
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Grazhdansko-patrioticheskoe vospitanie mladshikh shkol'nikov (iz opyta raboty)
ProceedingSocio-Pedagogical Issues of Education and Upbringing- Author:
- Kseniia M. Kirova
- Work direction:
- Теория и методика обучения и воспитания
- Abstract:
- The article is devoted to the actual problem-social and pedagogical support for the formation and development of a highly moral personality of a schoolboy who is aware of the responsibility for the present and future of his country. The author analyzes the main directions of the teacher's educational activity, in particular, considers the requirements imposed by the federal state educational standard for the level of civil and patriotic education of primary school students. Kirova K. M. describes the structure of the educational activity program "I am a citizen of Russia!". Differentiates between the value of theoretical knowledge and practical problem solving. In the article, the author gives an example of the practical orientation of this program, measures to implement the directions of educational work and the intermediate results of its activities.
- Keywords:
- patriotism, Civil and patriotic education, civic responsibility, directions of educational activity, high moral personality of the student
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Analiz podgotovki iunykh bortsov vol'nogo stilia na osnove realizatsii polozhenii vserossiiskogo fizkul'turno-sportivnogo kompleksa "Gotov k trudu i oborone"
Book ChapterTheoretical and practical aspects of pedagogy- Authors:
- Vadim V. Lysenko, Sergei P. Arshinik, Elena G. Kostenko
- Work direction:
- Глава III. Спорт и физическое воспитание детей школьного возраста
- Abstract:
- The authors of the article outline that athletes and, above all, young ones, including representatives of freestyle wrestling, should participate in the all-Russian sports complex “Ready for Labour and Defence”. The technology for improving young athletes’ physical training level based on the implementation of certain provisions of the sports complex “Ready for Labour and Defence” was developed and its effectiveness was proved.
- Keywords:
- testing, physical training, the standards of the complex, methods of preparation
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The use of an insert in the study of a fairy tale-M. M. Prishvin's book " The Storeroom of the sun"
ProceedingPedagogical and sociological aspects of education- Author:
- Iuliia I. Ol'khovskaia
- Work direction:
- Филология в системе образования
- Abstract:
- The article deals with the use of insert as a technique for developing critical thinking in the study of the fairy tale " The Storeroom of the sun " by M. M. Prishvin. Fragments of the lesson were presented in accordance with the stages of using the insert (challenge, comprehension, reflection).
- Keywords:
- Prishvin, Theory and methods of teaching literature, technology for the development of critical thinking, insert, The storeroom of the sun
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Povyshenie urovnia i kachestva zhizni naseleniia Rossii kak kriterii effektivnosti ekonomicheskoi politiki
ProceedingLaw, Economics and Management: Theory and Practice- Author:
- Andrei V. Minakov
- Work direction:
- Общие вопросы экономических наук
- Abstract:
- The purpose of this article is to study areas of improving the level and quality of life of the population of Russia as a criterion for the effectiveness of economic policy. When writing the article, the author used general scientific methods, as well as methods of statistical analysis. Indicators and approaches to the study and assessment of quality and living standards based on an integral indicator are considered. Analysis of this article allows us to conclude that the standard of living of the population is very closely related to the development of the state. It is a criterion in assessing the real situation of the economy and determines its direction of development.
- Keywords:
- economic growth, The standard of living of the population, the quality of life of the population, an integral indicator of the quality of life
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Metaparadigmal'nyi analiz uslovii formirovaniia sotsial'no-kul'turnoi aktivnosti zhenshchin vtorogo perioda zrelogo vozrasta
Book ChapterCulture. Science. Education: modern trends- Author:
- Aleksei A. Vinokurov
- Work direction:
- Глава 1. Культура
- Abstract:
- The metaparadigmal approach to the analysis of conditions for the formation of social and cultural activity serves as a methodological basis for the study of modern transformations in the field of women's recreational leisure. Using this approach, new experimental data on effective conditions for the formation of subjective activity of women of the second period of adulthood, showing the importance of not only conditions, but also means of pedagogical regulation of social activity of women of mature age are presented in the article. The sources and incentives of manifestations of subjective activity as a complex structural formation of the individual that determine the selective, creative orientation of women in the field of recreational leisure are studied in detail. Ways of involving female workers of local self-government bodies in the system of healthy lifestyle and recreation practices were tested.
- Keywords:
- quality of life, scientific school of professor A, Zharkov, metaparadigmal approach, psychosomatic relaxation practices, organizational and pedagogical conditions of recreational leisure, women of the second period of adulthood, modeling of social and cultural activities, circumstances of the cause, social policy of the state
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Information security of the individual, society, state
ProceedingTopical issues of law, economic and management- Authors:
- Aleksandr V. Nikishkin, Igor V. Stepanov, Maksim S. Aiupov
- Work direction:
- Уголовное право и криминология, уголовно-исполнительное право
- Abstract:
- The authors comprehensively consider the information security of the state, which is the most important and integral element not only of state policy, but also of society as a whole
- Keywords:
- information security, information transformation, the state authorities, the development of society, the transmission of information, rule of law, international politics
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Norms of international law in the field of combating corruption crimes
Article in CollectionEconomics and management: realias and prospects No 2- Authors:
- Aleksandr V. Nikishkin, Igor V. Stepanov, Dmitrii I. Pereniuk
- Work direction:
- Логистика, экономическая безопасность
- Abstract:
- The paper considers corruption as the most common disease of the state apparatus of countries around the world. Also possible ways for the organization of effective fight against crimes of corruption orientation and eradication of this problem by joint efforts of all world States and their law enforcement agencies are considered
- Keywords:
- the state apparatus, self-interest, international arena, anti-corruption, international cooperation, dangerous act, compensation of damages, the international isolation
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Technology of strengthening of the institution of the family on the basis of institutions of the state support of the childhood
ProceedingTrends in the education development: teacher, educational organization, society – 2018- Authors:
- Elena A. Baier, Mariia V. Zaluzhnaia, Marina V. Zaiarnaia
- Work direction:
- Современные технологии в образовании
- Abstract:
- In the submitted article the praktiko-focused approach in the conditions of the new social order of public authorities of the power in the field of education, through strengthening of the institution of the family reveals: motherhood, the childhood, paternity on the basis of institutions of the state support of the childhood. The transformations of conceptual and standard and legal character defining priorities of state policy in the sphere of education of children taking into account requirements of society of formation of readiness for a responsible roditelstvo for modern Russian society are opened.
- Keywords:
- the state, family responsible the parent, motherhood, the childhood, paternity, research activity, the organization for orphan children