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  3. Issue 3

  • Ethnic myth-making in cyberspace as a factor of representation of Chuvash ethnicity

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 6 No 3
    Author:
    Aleksey S. Rogovoy
    Work direction:
    Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the study of Chuvash ethnic myth-making in cyberspace. The aim of the work is to determine its role as one of the factors of ethnicity representation. The study is based on the analysis of the relevant content presented on popular web platforms and social networks YouTube, Rutube, Zen, VKontakte, Odnoklassniki. The study identifies a certain section of content offered by search algorithms as the most viewed and included in thematic collections and playlists. The author examines the myth-making components of the Internet space, characterizes formats and plots, identifies their authors, and studies the audience's reaction to the content. Data analysis showed that ethnic myth-making has a positive effect on the representation of the Chuvash culture. Despite some inaccuracies in the information, such material generally evokes positive emotions in users. Information in video and text format is published on popular Russian platforms, making ethno-myth-creating content accessible to a wide audience. The myths created by the authors reflect their desire to show the antiquity and significance of the Chuvash people, which helps the Chuvash people to understand their identity, place and role in the world. Ethno-myth-creating content on the Internet increases interest in the Chuvash culture, promoting its popularization and representation.
    Keywords:
    Chuvash, cyberspace, ethnic myth-making, ethnicity, representation
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  • The sect of Khristovovery in the Ukrainian SSR

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 6 No 3
    Author:
    Andrey G. Berman
    Work direction:
    Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the history of the oldest Russian sect of Hristovovery or Khlysty on the territory of Ukraine during Soviet times. The purpose of the work is to explore the existence of the Khlysty sect in the Ukrainian SSR, to consider some of the features of the spread of the sect and the details of its rituals. The source base of the research was unpublished operational documents of Ukrainian archives. Special studies devoted to the sect of Christ-believers in Ukraine during the Soviet period were not found. The article applies a materialistic understanding of history, which requires consideration of historical phenomena in development, in the unity of the logical and historical, i.e. in the unity of material and spiritual factors. In the course of the work, it was established that the Khlysty sect was recorded on the territory of the future Ukraine from the first half of the 18th century and spreads across those regions where the Great Russian population lived compactly: in Old Believer settlements in Starodubye (the future Chernigov region), in the Azov region. West of the Dnieper, the sect of Christian believers is not fixed. In Soviet times, state security agencies regularly reported the existence of Christian believers in the same areas where they existed in the pre-revolutionary period. A feature of the Christian faith in Soviet times was the merger of the sect with Orthodox movements that were in opposition to both the Soviet regime and the official Russian Orthodox Church.
    Keywords:
    Ukrainian SSR, religious sects, Khlysty sect, sect of Hristovovery, state security, true Orthodox Christians
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  • National and cultural peculiarities of family formation (on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan)

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 6 No 3
    Author:
    Vera A. Gnevasheva
    Work direction:
    Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology
    Abstract:
    The article considers the classification of Tatar families according to various criteria: composition, number of generations, number of children and other characteristics. The author analyzes the features of each category of families and provides their descriptive characteristics, which allow for a better understanding of the structure of the Tatar family, the national and cultural features of its formation, as well as modern trends in the development of family relations. Particular attention is paid to traditional ideas about the family among the Tatar people. The author also studies the empirical data of a population survey conducted in 2022 by the Center for Family and Demography of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan. The study allows us to draw objective conclusions about the emerging trends in reproductive and family behavior of the population of the republic, channels for transmitting national and cultural characteristics of society, the role of mother and father in matters of national and cultural continuity. At the same time, it seems possible to determine the role of key social agents in the formation and development of the family, its national and cultural formation. The study provides predictive estimates of the features of the further development of the processes of cultural and national identification of society. The article may be useful for sociologists, ethnographers and anyone interested in the culture and traditions of the Tatar people.
    Keywords:
    family, national language, classification, Republic of Tatarstan, national and cultural characteristics, religious characteristics
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  • Interpretation of the Parrot Image in the Codex Cumanicus

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 6 No 3
    Author:
    Akhmed A. Glashev
    Work direction:
    Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the interpretation of the drawing in one of the most significant written monuments of the Kipchak and Oghuz languages – Codex Cumanicus – the image of a parrot, which is contained in the German part of the monument on sheet 58v, which has not yet been the subject of attention of researchers studying the monument. The only work devoted to this interesting image is the article by A. G. Yurchenko (2010), in which he connects it with the Egyptian Kipchaks. However, this interpretation does not seem objective. The problems in interpreting the contents of Codex Cumanicus are explained by the fact that its study has so far been carried out only by Turkologists, limiting themselves to purely linguistic issues. Therefore, an interdisciplinary method was used to interpret the image of the parrot on the monument, involving data from cultural studies, art history, religious studies, source studies, ethnology and archeology. The image of the parrot carries an important and profound meaning, connected not with the culture of the Kipchaks of Egypt, but with the Christian tradition, in particular with the content of the German part of the Codex Cumanicus, with the image of the Virgin Mary and the immaculate birth of Jesus Christ, to whom a significant part of the fragments of the Bible translated into the Polovtsian language is dedicated and which are often depicted on medieval engravings with a parrot. The parrot acts as a symbol of the immaculate image of Mary and Christ.
    Keywords:
    Codex Cumanicus, translation of the Bible into the Polovtsian language, image of a parrot, symbol of the purity of the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ
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  • The gorovodu (kunde) cult in the ritual practices of the Ghana, Togo, Benin tribes

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 6 No 3
    Author:
    Nikolay A. Medushevsky
    Work direction:
    Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology
    Abstract:
    This article is devoted to – the Gorovodu / Kunde cult, which is one of the widespread cults of Vodun in West Africa. It is grounded in the Vodun religious system. However, this order denotes peculiarities, including elements of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism and authentic interpretations. The study relies on the previous scientific realms of research, dated XX–XXI centuries. Comparative analysis is used for detailed description and generalization of anthropological materials, based on field research. Meanwhile, structural analysis, supplemented by the historical-genetic method, deploys the evolution of the cult and its practices. The research draws the following conclusions. Firstly, the emergence of the Gorovodu / Kunde cult was a form of adaptation to socio-cultural challenges. They implied the decline in the standard of living of the population, and the spread of epidemics and famine associated with colonization. Secondly, the negative consequences of colonization were interpreted as the result of the white people’s sorcery. Consequently, the resistance required new spiritual entities, borrowed from the more prosperous regions of the North. Finally, this led to the unique combination of Vodun religious and monotheistic religions elements, which continues developing these days.
    Keywords:
    Gorovodu, Kunde, Vodun, polytheism, West Africa
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  • Forming of ethnocultural competence of students of pedagogical specialties

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 6 No 3
    Author:
    Veronika J. Arestova
    Work direction:
    Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education
    Abstract:
    The increase in global interactions has caused a growth in the exchange of ideas, beliefs, and culture. These phenomena have also affected schools, so it is important to develop intercultural competence in teachers. The study involved students who studied in 2013–2018 at the Faculty of Psychology and Pedagogy of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I. Ya. Yakovlev. The study was conducted in three stages: 1) identifying the levels of the motivational and value component of intercultural competence; 2) organizing and conducting field research by students in order to form the cognitive-activity component of intercultural competence; 3) re-diagnostics of the motivational and value component. The main content of the article reveals the results of field research conducted by students of the pedagogical university under the supervision of the author in Chuvash, Russian, Tatar and Mordvin villages of the Chuvash Republic.
    Keywords:
    ethnocultural education, field research, criteria for ethnocultural education, components of ethnocultural education
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  • The first pedologists of the Chuvash Republic and their experience in the study of Chuvash children

    Review Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 6 No 3
    Authors:
    Nataliya Y. Stoyukhina, Daniil V. Mironov
    Work direction:
    Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the study of the activities of pedologists of the Chuvash ASSR and aims to analyze the historically first study devoted to the intelligence of Chuvash children. The study is based on the publications of the first pedologists from Chuvashia F. P. Petrov and M. E. Efimov. In accordance with the historical and psychological methods described by V. A. Koltsova, the work uses problematic and source study methods. The study is written in the aspect of the history of pedagogy. A graduate student of the Kazan Oriental Pedagogical Institute, F. P. Petrov with a team of students, for the first time carried out a comprehensive study of the intellectual development of Chuvash children using the Binet-Simon test method, widely known among Soviet pedologists. At first, pedologists took the test method in Russian, then it was translated into the Chuvash language with appropriate text changes in relation to the everyday and speech characteristics of the Chuvash. The result of the study was the book published in Cheboksary, "The experience of studying the intellectual development of Chuvash children using the Binet-Simon method", published in 1928. The book caused serious objections from the head of the pedological office at the Chuvash Scientific Research Institute M. E. Efimov; he believed that the author was biased against Chuvash children and violated the methodological principle of making tests. The correspondence polemic between two Chuvash pedologists about the measurement of children’s intelligence, along with similar cases in the country’s republics, prompted L. S. Vygotsky to call for an understanding of the problems of national pedology, with its leading problem – the measurement of intelligence.
    Keywords:
    history of psychology, pedology, national psychology, intellectual development of the Chuvash child, Binet-Simon test
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