List of publications on a keyword: «life»
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Readiness of Future Social Workers to Provide Social Support to Minors in Difficult Life Situations
ProceedingEducation, innovation, research as a resource for community development- Author:
- Muslim R. Ismailov
- Work direction:
- Социальные процессы и образование
- Abstract:
- The article reveals the direction of social work aimed at providing assistance to minors – children and teenagers who find themselves in a difficult life situation. The author reveals the practical significance of this area. The areas of social and pedagogical support for children and adolescents are discussed. The emphasis is on the psychological and pedagogical readiness of a social worker to interact with minors who find themselves in a difficult life situation.
- Keywords:
- social work, difficult life situation, social adaptation of minors, social and peda-gogical support
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Methods of teaching the discipline "Life safety" in the context of maintaining health and preventing negative tendencies among students
ProceedingThe development of modern education in the context of educational competence- Author:
- Nikolai A. Molchanov
- Work direction:
- Современные подходы в обучении и воспитании
- Abstract:
- Abstract: The article discusses methods of teaching the discipline "Life Safety" with an emphasis on preserving students' health and preventing negative tendencies. The article analyzes modern interactive and practice-oriented approaches that contribute to the formation of an informed attitude towards safety, a healthy lifestyle and stress tolerance. Such techniques as the case method, role-playing games, discussions and debates, and project activities aimed at developing critical thinking, decision-making skills, and preventing antisocial behavior are considered. The importance of using digital technologies, self-regulation trainings and measures to promote a healthy lifestyle is emphasized.
- Keywords:
- project method, interactive methods, educational technologies, Keywords: life safety, students' health, prevention of negative tendencies
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Education as a driver of economic growth in Russia's regions
ProceedingSocio–economic landscape of the region: growth investments- Authors:
- Iana A. Rassadina, Nataliia V. Morozova
- Work direction:
- Социально-экономическое развитие регионов
- Abstract:
- In an era of global transformation and scientific and technological growth, the education system is a key factor in economic prosperity. Investments in human development, especially in the educational system, directly affect the level of innovation, labor productivity and market position of the country.
- Keywords:
- education, economy, quality of life, regional development, regions of Russia
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Coaching as a tool for adapting to the pace of the development of activities in the age of artificial intelligence (AI)
ProceedingPsychology coaching: methodology, theory, practice- Author:
- Kseniia I. Pirogova
- Work direction:
- Conditions of the pre-school educational environment that create and ensure the safety of pupils
- Abstract:
- In recent years, we have seen the pace of development of artificial intelligence (AI) increase. AI-based tools are increasingly embedded in professional activities, and people need to adapt to these changes. We've been talking about information overload for decades, and now the environment is even more stressful. Difficulties in maintaining concentration for long periods of time, conscious action, self-organisation and self-regulation are already being experienced in adolescents. The text analyses how AI affects the pace of life, and the problems this causes. Tools for coping are offered, with a focus on coaching as a solution to current challenges. Limitations and opportunities are critically examined through cognitive psychology and research on other approaches. Alternative solutions that take into account the limitations of the tool and its impact on resilience are also mentioned. The article is aimed at a wide audience interested in the impact of AI on human adaptive capacity.
- Keywords:
- adaptation, artificial intelligence, self-regulation, metacognitive strategies, coaching, pace of life, information overload, self-organisation
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Coaching Support in Value-Semantic Decision Making for Prospective Substitute Parents
ProceedingPsychology coaching: methodology, theory, practice- Authors:
- Ekaterina V. Korobko, Irina V. Abakumova
- Work direction:
- Коучинг в семье и родительстве, коучинг отношений в паре
- Abstract:
- Abstract. The role of coaching support in the process of making value-semantic decisions for potential substitute parents is described. The study aims to identify and analyze different candidate profiles. Specialized coaching modalities are given attention - narrative coaching, existential coaching, and value-based coaching, adapted to address the unique needs and value systems of potential substitute parents. The author suggests that aligning coaching strategies with the differentiation of candidates' semantic strategies can significantly increase trust in technological solutions and child-rearing outcomes. The results can be used by practitioners to support clients throughout the entire path to substitute parenthood, thereby significantly reducing the risks associated with value conflicts and cognitive dissonance. The study highlights the need for coaching interventions that take into account the hidden potential in different candidate profiles.
- Keywords:
- foster parents, substitute parents, adoption, life meaning strategies, value-semantic decision
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Components of architecture in the discipline "Life Safety"
ProceedingSormovo Readings- 2025: scientific and educational space, realities and prospects for improving the quality of education- Author:
- Nikolai A. Molchanov
- Work direction:
- Инновации в образовании: интеграция новых знаний и технологий в учебные программы
- Abstract:
- The article examines the key components of architecture integrated into the discipline of "Life Safety" in order to ensure the safety of the urban environment and increase the sustainability of buildings. Rational organization of space, energy-efficient and autonomous life support systems, fire safety, environmental sustainability and inclusive design are the main aspects influencing architectural decisions. Modern design approaches that take into account natural and man-made risks, as well as the impact of the urban environment on human safety and comfort, are analyzed. The methods of increasing the resilience of buildings to emergency situations are considered, including the use of fire-resistant materials, intelligent control systems, safe transport solutions and barrier-free architecture. The article highlights the importance of introducing innovative technologies into architectural design, which contributes to the formation of a safe, functional and environmentally friendly enviro
- Keywords:
- sustainable development, Keywords: life safety, architectural design, urbanism, energy efficiency, rational organization of space
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Theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the work–personal life balance of working women mothers
Book ChapterModern issues of pedagogy and psychology: theoretical and methodological approaches and practical research results- Authors:
- Tatiana I. Isakova, Dmitrii S. Zanin
- Work direction:
- Глава 22
- Abstract:
- The chapter presents a theoretical and methodological analysis of the phenomenon of work-life balance. The main methodological approaches to the study of balance in life are structured and characterized. The authors have identified indicators of work-life balance.
- Keywords:
- subjective well-being, life satisfaction, work-life balance, spheres of life, the phenomenon of balance in life, conflict of roles, imbalance of work and personal life
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Issledovanie povedencheskikh deviatsii u vospitannikov organizatsii dlia detei, nakhodiashchikhsia v trudnoi zhiznennoi situatsii
Book ChapterPedagogy and Psychology as Sciences for the Formation of the Potential of Modern Society- Authors:
- Irina A. Biriukova, Ekaterina V. Miriutsa, Irina V. Polushkina, Olga A. Topilskaia, Tatiana V. Iureva, Evgenii A. Uvarov
- Work direction:
- Глава 14
- Abstract:
- Justification. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that at present deviant behavior is a phenomenon that negatively affects the development of personality and socialization of children, and also creates difficulties for the pedagogical work of teachers and for the interaction of parents with their children. In order to care for the healthy and harmonious development of adolescents, it is necessary to achieve an understanding of the mechanisms of the formation of behavioral deviations and develop effective methods of prevention. Purpose of the study. Study of emotional states and behavioral characteristics of pupils of organizations for children in difficult life situations. Methods. To study the emotional states, behavioral disorders in adolescents, 150 pupils of grades 7, 8 and 9 of secondary comprehensive schools in Tambov were examined. The study was conducted from February to November 2024. The study included testing. Statistical data processing was carried out through a comparative analysis of the input and output testing data using the Wilcoxon T-test. To identify the relationship between negative emotional states and deviant behavior, a correlation analysis of the data obtained in a group of children and adolescents from families with a socially dangerous situation was carried out. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used for the analysis, statistically significant correlation coefficients were taken into account | r | ( 0.5 at the level of p ≤ 0.01. Results. Our studies have revealed that children and adolescents from families with a socially dangerous situation experience discomfort during social adaptation, difficulties in developing behavioral patterns that reflect the system of values and norms of society, and they also have difficulties in interpersonal communication. Such children are characterized by difficulty in building personal boundaries and maintaining independence from the opinions of significant others. A third of the pupils have an increased or high rate of depression. This confirms the need to develop a comprehensive program for the prevention and correction of behavioral deviations in pupils of organizations for children in difficult life situations in order to avert crisis situations, depressive states, emotional breakdowns.
- Keywords:
- difficult life situation, behavioral deviations, depressive states, emotional breakdowns, prevention and correction of crisis situations
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Psychological aspects of self-evaluation of a adolescent in a tough life situation.
ProceedingModern educational process: psychological and pedagogical support, educational strategies- Author:
- Dar'ia D. Fomicheva
- Work direction:
- Теория, методика и практика психолого-педагогического сопровождения личности в трудных жизненных ситуациях
- Abstract:
- In the article, the author provides a brief analysis of theoretical provisions on the types of tough life situation and the development of self-evaluation in adolescence. The objectives of the article are to reveal the theoretical aspects of the concepts of "self-esteem" and "tough life situation", to identify the psychological aspects of of self-evaluation of a adolescent who finds himself in a tough life situation.
- Keywords:
- personality, individual, self-knowledge, adolescence, adolescent, self-evaluation, tough life situation, self-perception
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Predposylki razvitiia metodicheskoi podgotovki magistrov obrazovaniia v oblasti bezopasnosti zhiznedeiatel'nosti
Book ChapterQuestions of Education and Psychology- Author:
- Regina I. Popova
- Work direction:
- Глава 8
- Abstract:
- The main stages of the development of the training of masters of education in the field of life safety are presented: the stage of the emergence of pedagogical education in the subject area «Life safety», the stage of formation of pedagogical education in the subject area «Life safety»; the stage of transition to level pedagogical education in the subject area «Life safety»; the stage of development of pedagogical education in the subject area «Life safety» (Bachelor's degree, Master's degree levels). The characteristics of each stage are considered, including the main directions of the teacher's activity in the field of life safety.
- Keywords:
- pedagogical research, stages of development of methodological training, masters of education in the field of life safety, subject area «Life safety»
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Ispol'zovanie individual'nogo i gruppovogo konsul'tirovaniia pri formirovanii ustanovok na zdorovyi obraz zhizni u studentov MGTU im. N.E. Baumana
Book ChapterQuestions of Education and Psychology- Authors:
- Inna V. Piatibratova, Tatiana V. Aleksina, Oksana V. Iakusheva
- Work direction:
- Глава 11
- Abstract:
- The authors of the chapter review individual and group counseling based on modern psychodiagnostics methods and a personal approach. It is shown that these types of counseling contribute to the improvement of students' mental health and help them realize the importance of active participation in the process of their own growth and development. The system of diagnostics and planning of correctional measures creates a solid foundation for the formation of sustainable values associated with a healthy lifestyle. The main theoretical approaches used in the work of psychologists of Bauman Moscow State Technical University in individual and group counseling are reviewed. The expediency of introducing various counseling directions for normalizing the psycho-emotional state of students is shown. The features and specifics of individual and group counseling are analyzed. The technical means used at the diagnostic stage of counseling are described. The authors show the effectiveness of using individual and group counseling in the work of the psychological service of Bauman Moscow State Technical University in forming attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle of students. The use of individual and group counseling as methods of health-saving technologies plays a key role in forming value orientations towards a healthy lifestyle in students.
- Keywords:
- education, healthy lifestyle, efficiency, health, individual counselling, group counselling, health-protection technologies, installations
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Current issues of state responsibility to people: history and modernity
ProceedingThe Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences: from Theory to Practice- Author:
- Natal'ia V. Chernova
- Work direction:
- Образование и право
- Abstract:
- The article examines current issues in studying the responsibility of states to individuals and citizens. These issues have historically been covered in the works of outstanding thinkers and legal scholars of the ancient Greek period, the New and Modern Times. The indicators substantiated by modern Russian legal scholars that determine the effectiveness and responsibility of the state to individuals can be used for the modern development of statehood on the legal map of the world.
- Keywords:
- personality, quality of life, state, responsibility, state functions
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Group Recreation as a Means of Adaptation to University Studying Of Students with DDIA at MSTU I.M. N.E. Bauman
Book ChapterModern educational technologies: Pedagogy and Psychology- Author:
- Inna V. Piatibratova
- Work direction:
- Глава 9
- Abstract:
- The chapter examines the influence of group recreation methods on the adaptation of students with disabilities and disabilities (HLD) within the framework of the health-preserving environment of the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman. The author emphasize that the use of various methods of group recreation helps to improve the performance of students, as well as their emotional state and general activation. The use of these methods helps to create conditions that promote not only physical, but also psychological adaptation to the conditions of university life. In addition, the aspect of the influence of such an environment on the development of resistance to stress is considered, which is especially important for students with disabilities who may face additional difficulties in the learning process. Group classes conducted as part of recreational activities allow students to integrate into the student community, building self-confidence and social connections, which is a key factor for successful adaptation.
- Keywords:
- education, healthy lifestyle, health, socio-psychological training, working capacity, group recreation, psycho-emotional state
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On the question of the life purpose of man as a psychological category
Review ArticleDevelopment of education Volume 7 No 3- Author:
- Mikhail V. Germanov
- Work direction:
- Psychology in Education
- Abstract:
- The presented article is devoted to the problem of human purpose in life as a psychological category. The importance of addressing the study of this issue is associated with the transformations taking place in society, leading to a sharp increase in cases of escapism and the desire for hedonism, as fundamental life guidelines of a modern personality, preventing a person from finding his true purpose in life, its meaning. However, despite the fact that interest in this issue has been growing lately, it is difficult to consider it finally resolved. The objective of this study is to determine the content of some aspects of the issue of human purpose in life as a psychological category. The method of this study is a theoretical analysis and generalization of existing scientific studies that reveal the main content of the category "human purpose in life", as well as related concepts. It has been established that a person's life purpose is a characteristic of the basic level of personality (the core of personality) and represents the initially given natural orientations of a person, his general life direction, expressing a predisposition to a certain type of functioning, style of activity, type of relationship with oneself, people and the world as a whole; a person's purpose is to become oneself, to self-determine in being, freely realizing (or freely refusing to realize) the plan for oneself. All individual callings of a person are particular ways of realizing the universal calling. The purpose of life for people gives vector certainty and programmatic nature to a person's life intentions, his ideals, dreams, life goals, life results. Values act as universals of the meaning of life, which crystallize in situations typical for society, humanity as a whole; the desire to search for and realize the meaning of life by a person is a need of a person and characterizes him as a subject of life activity. The meaning of human life is a complexly organized system of meanings, including multi-level semantic structures and functioning as a single whole.
- Keywords:
- life purpose, meaning of life, meaning formation, life-meaning orientations
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Economic Aspects of Automation of Production Management of a Modern Enterprise (by the Example of Kaluga Pjsc Cadvi)
Book ChapterDevelopment of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects- Authors:
- Vladimir N. Kruglov, Dmitrii V. Tiutin
- Work direction:
- Глава 8
- Abstract:
- The chapter examines algorithms for improving automated production management systems. The epistemological roots of various stages of the process are analyzed: automated control systems (ACS), automated production development systems (APS), computer-aided design (CAD) systems and Robotic Process Automation (RPA), as a developing technology involving bots that imitate human actions. The relevance of the problems raised lies in the lack of alternatives to innovative development for the domestic economy. This concept inherently includes a component of artificial intelligence associated with the implementation of automated control systems in production cycles. Using the example of Kaluga PJSC CADVI, the authors prove the effectiveness of introducing self-developing technologies for management activities. Systemic, complex, process and situational types of analysis are used. Layers of monographic and statistical developments are taken as the initial base. Specific proposals are given for choosing the most effective and reasonable platforms, taking into account current production realities.
- Keywords:
- management, competitiveness, outsourcing, automation, production, informatization, economic effect, life cycle, functional connections, mathematical analysis
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Program-Targeted Support for the Implementation of Priority National Meso-Level Projects (on the Example of the Promotion of the National Project "Culture" by the Institutional System of the Tula Region)
Book ChapterDevelopment of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects- Author:
- Vladimir N. Kruglov
- Work direction:
- Глава 9
- Abstract:
- Due to the aggravation of sanctions by unfriendly states towards the Russian Federation, our country is closely facing the need for total import substitution and the introduction of an innovation management system. One of its key tools today is the implementation of priority national projects in business entities. Project management is becoming a priority area of activity in almost all sectors of both production and non-production structures. The direction of culture in the previously planned economy at the state level was often financed according to the system of the «residual principle», which could not but affect the final results. In the system of new approaches and values, the situation is beginning to change. The Culture project is among the leading national projects. The author examines its program-targeted (as well as financial and rating) support on the example of the institutional system of the Tula region. Statistical and monographic data, the legislative base of the federal and regional levels are taken as the basis of the research. From the point of view of the system. A multifactorial analysis of the promotion of the priority national project «Culture» in the Tula region is given for complex, process and situational approaches. The trend and mental characteristics of local territories are taken into account when carrying out systematic work on project management.
- Keywords:
- national project, program and target support, priority, institutional factor, regional specifics, quality of life of the population, budget transfers, economic feasibility, methodological base, innovative management
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LEVEL AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF SOCIAL GROUPS AND STRATS OF THE POPULATION IN RUSSIA
ProceedingSocio-Economic Processes of Modern Society- Authors:
- Natalia A. Podgornova, Iana V. Beliavskaia
- Work direction:
- Социально-экономические условия жизнедеятельности населения
- Abstract:
- The work analyzes the factors that influence the level and quality of life of various social groups and segments of the population in Russia. An analysis of the main indicators of the standard of living and the human development index of Russia was carried out.
- Keywords:
- quality of life, standard of living, social groups, human development index
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Balans "rabota - lichnaia zhizn' - materinstvo": sushchnost' i poniatie
ProceedingPsychological and Pedagogical Research – Tula Region- Author:
- Tatiana I. Isakova
- Work direction:
- Personal Development of Subjects of Modern Education
- Abstract:
- Статье проанализированы основные теоретические подходы отечественных и зарубежных исследователей к пониманию и определению феномена «work-life balance». Предложена гипотеза расширения понятия до триады «баланс работа – личная жизнь – материнство».
- Keywords:
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Problems and Directions of Highway Development in the Region
Book ChapterDevelopment of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects- Authors:
- Andrei V. Minakov, Liudmila N. Ivanova
- Work direction:
- Глава 12
- Abstract:
- The relevance of the research topic is related to the need to assess the results of the national project "Safe High-Quality Roads" implementation at the regional level, to identify unresolved problems of road development in the regions of the country. The objective of the work is to identify the problems of road development typical of the Samara region, to suggest possible ways to solve them. The study analyzed the state and dynamics of the Samara Region's highway network, road safety, and the practice of using PPP (public-private partnership) mechanisms to finance road construction, which uncovered problems such as the non-application of life-cycle contracts in road construction, a significant length of roads that do not comply with regulations, a funding gap for the highway complex, and low rates of digitalization in road construction, the absence of a long-term strategy for the development of Samara region highways based on a scenario approach. We developed recommendations that will help overcome these problems and simplify the achievement of strategic goals for the socio-economic development of the Samara region.
- Keywords:
- road safety, highways, life-cycle contracts, regional transport system, the Samara region, digitalization of road facilities
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The Correlation between Motivation of Professional Activity, Satisfaction with Life and Work of Employees of the Construction Industry
Book ChapterDevelopment of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects- Authors:
- Natalia V. Korol, Iuliia A. Ianchuk
- Work direction:
- Глава 13
- Abstract:
- The chapter considers the concepts of "job satisfaction", "motivation for professional activity", and "life satisfaction". The authors present a study of the correlation between motivation of professional activity, life and work among employees of construction organizations (the number of respondents is 100 people).
- Keywords:
- quality of life, life satisfaction, job satisfaction, motivation of professional activity
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Tools for developing the life building competence of high students in the educational environment of school
Research ArticleDevelopment of education Volume 7 No 2- Author:
- Yulia V. Olkhova
- Work direction:
- Psychology in Education
- Abstract:
- The article presents the life-building competence of high school students as a guideline for building an age-oriented educational environment at a school. The category of life-building competence is introduced within the framework of the existential approach in psychology, designating a high school student as the subject of his own life path, the author of a life strategy, which in a specific life situation is presented as the development and implementation of a life plan. Life-building competence is understood as an integral property of an individual, characterizing the desire and ability to realize one’s potential (knowledge, skills, experience, personal qualities, etc.) for the responsible creation and implementation of life plans. Based on the analysis of the components of competence of various authors, the components of competence and their diagnostics are considered: motivational, cognitive, value-semantic, emotional-volitional, operational, reflexive, proactive. The article provides characteristics of high, medium and low levels of development of life-building competence of high school students and the percentage of subjects with the corresponding level. For each component of competence, the personal qualities that ensure its development are noted, and specific tools used in the educational environment of the school are given.
- Keywords:
- competence, educational environment, mapping, high school students, life-building competence, components of competence, structured diary, concept of "being-in-the-world"
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Participation of Russia in the Proliferation Security Initiative
ProceedingLaw, Economics and Management- Author:
- Ekaterina S. Anianova
- Work direction:
- Историко-правовые проблемы развития государственности
- Abstract:
- As a result of the security threat posed by the proliferation of nuclear and missile technologies, the Proliferation Security Initiative was developed. However, the effectiveness of the Initiative has been called into question due to the failure to reach agreement with a number of states. This article reveals the particularities of Russia's membership in this initiative. The methodology of international legal research and analysis of data is applied in this paper. In the paper the conclusion is made that PSI as an organizational and legal form of international cooperation in the sphere of WMD nonproliferation is currently in the process of development. Its effectiveness depends directly on compliance with international law. Since the PSI has not gained global coverage to combat terrorism and WMD proliferation, with the loss of participants as Russia and China, the fight against WMD terrorism should be conducted exclusively with the direct involvement of the UNSC.
- Keywords:
- terrorism, weapon of mass destruction, WMD, Proliferation Security Initiative, PSI, law of the sea, high seas
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Assessment of the subjective well-being of agricultural university undergraduates: gender differences
ProceedingSocio-Pedagogical Issues of Education and Upbringing- Authors:
- Evgenii N. Tumashov, Liudmila I. Bochantseva
- Work direction:
- Реализация в образовательном процессе субъектной позиции обучающихся
- Abstract:
- The problem of subjective well-being has recently become an analysis of a wide range of researchers interested in improving the quality of life of an individual and his satisfaction. The article reveals the concept of "subjective well-being", presents an analysis of recent research on this issue. Screening diagnostics "Scale of subjective well-being" made it possible to determine the features of the emotional state, social behavior and some physical symptoms in undergraduate students of the agrarian university. Minor gender differences in the assessment of subjective well-being among students have been established.
- Keywords:
- students, gender differences, subjective well-being, life satisfaction
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Problems of motherhood and childhood in Chuvashia during the Great Patriotic War: according to the documents of the State Historical Archive of the Chuvash Republic
ProceedingUniversity as a factor of Modernization of Russia: History and Prospects (to the 55th anniversary of the I.N. Ulyanov ChSU)- Authors:
- I I. Boiko, Galina V. Ertmakova, Nataliia I. Tolstova
- Work direction:
- Роль архивов, музеев и библиотек в формировании представлений о Великой Отечественной войне
- Abstract:
- The problems of everyday life during the Great Patriotic War have not been sufficiently studied as well as by historians of Chuvashia. Using the example of the analysis of documents from the GIA of the Chuvash Republic, attention is drawn to subjects related to motherhood and childhood, including medical care for pregnant women and young mothers, the organization of kindergartens and nurseries, assistance to mothers with many children and pregnant women. The work with child homelessness and neglect is shown.
- Keywords:
- motherhood and childhood, the Chuvash Republic, the Great Patriotic War, everyday life
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DANCING AT DAWN. HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL EXCURSION INTO THE PAST: SKETCHES ABOUT THE WAR
ProceedingUniversity as a factor of Modernization of Russia: History and Prospects (to the 55th anniversary of the I.N. Ulyanov ChSU)- Author:
- Asfar S. Kuiok
- Work direction:
- Проблемы отражения событий войны в исторической памяти и мемориальной культуре
- Abstract:
- The article is devoted to the events of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945, the attitude of the people to tragic events through the prism of moral and ethical qualities, the inner world of the heroes is shown. Everyone who took part in the fighting, or was in the rear, realized that the fate of the country depended on him. The war exposes the inner content of both the individual and the ethnic community. It has been established that the moral and ethical qualities of a person during the struggle for their Fatherland can symbolize the concepts of patriotism and courage, which, undoubtedly, can become an example for the younger generation. In addition to the destruction of cities, villages, and infrastructure, tragic events also occurred with people. The story of the fate of one person in the war is refracted into the common tragedy of the whole people, according to which we trace the philosophical concepts of regularity of chance and, general and particular.
- Keywords:
- the Great Patriotic War, life at war, soldiers, tragedy of personality, chance and regularity