• To the Question of Interaction of Chuvash and Azerbaijan Cultures: Ancientry and Modernity

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 1

  Author:

  Vladimir A. Vasilyev

  Work direction:

  Special Theme of the Issue: Research of Chuvash Language and Culture of Chuvashia

  Abstract:

  In the development of modern ethnic cultures, there is a paradoxical situation: the more powerful the onset of comprehensive globalization, aimed at the destruction of national cultures, the more actively they develop. “To blame”, in our opinion, is the ethnocultural code, which rebelled against the dominance of the virus of the death of national cultures and thus led to the flourishing, boom of ethnic cultures. Convincing evidence of this is the deep fundamental processes of revival taking place in the Chuvash national culture. Thus, the unique Kokelev International Plein Air has rightfully become a synthesis of the picturesque national schools of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. The national TV and radio company “Chavash En” was established. Recreated “Chuvashkino”, designed to develop their national culture. There is a return from oblivion of the runic writing of the Chuvash people. A program for the development of the Chuvash language was adopted. And, as it were, the apotheosis of the renaissance of the Chuvash ethnic culture was the establishment of the Chuvash Embroidery Day on November 26 by the Decree of the Head of the Chuvash Republic. Globalization pressure is also causing an increase in interest in learning about other cultures. we tell about this phenomenon on the example of Chuvashia and Azerbaijan. In soviet times in Azerbaijan, few people knew that the Chuvash were a Turkic people. Tatarstan knew, Bashkortostan knew, and the Chuvash – the Turkic people – didn't [6]. The aim of our work is to study the interaction of Chuvash and Azerbaijani cultures in historical retrospect, as well as to draw the attention of scientists of Chuvashia, Russia and Azerbaijan to this problem, which is of great cognitive and scientific importance. The author comes to the conclusion that scientists-humanitarians of Chuvashia, Russia and Azerbaijan can and should combine their efforts to create a comprehensive study of the interaction of the cultures of the Chuvash and Azerbaijani nations in historical retrospect.

  Keywords:

  history, Cheboksary, ethnic culture, Chuvashia, Azerbaijan, Suvars, Bulgarians, Bilasuvar, Vata Suvar, pagan religion, Zoroastrianism, runic writing, embroidery, ethno-cultural code

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• Modern Foreign Chuvash Studies: Melinda Takács

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 1

  Author:

  Eduard V. Fomin

  Work direction:

  Special Theme of the Issue: Research of Chuvash Language and Culture of Chuvashia

  Abstract:

  The article is devoted to the study of the Hungarian section of the Chuvash studies. The aim of the work is to familiarize the scientific community with new Hungarian scientists. The author uses traditional descriptive and analytical methods practiced in scholarship. The Hungarian section is the most developed area of foreign Chuvash studies. It is due to the linguistic contacts of the Turkic languages of the Chuvash type with Hungarian, which took place in the period before the conquering of homeland by the Hungarians. Currently, Hungarian Chuvash studies are mainly represented by linguistic and musicological trends. There are works of a historical and literary plan. One of the representatives of modern scholars of the Chuvash language in Hungary is M. Takács, who asserted herself by direct translations of the works of the Chuvash fiction into Hungarian, mainly the stories of E. Lisina. She also published scholarly works based on personal experience and devoted to the problems of translation and linguistics of a literary text. Thus, a distinctive feature of M. Takács’s Chuvash studies at the moment is a departure from the problems recognized as traditional for the Hungarian Chuvash studies – language contacts. Another direction of M. Takács’s research is the study of nouns published in the book «Works related to the grammar of the Chuvash language» of 1769. Another direction of M. Takács is the study of the problems of «Works belonging to the grammar of the Chuvash language» 1769. The author comes to the conclusion that the scientific developments of M. Takac in Hungarian Chuvash studies develop the traditions of studying the literary texts of Chuvash authors in linguistic and translation aspects.

  Keywords:

  intercultural communication, Hungarian Chuvash studies, Chuvash literature

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• Cheboksary Regiolect of Russian Language: the New Vernacular

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 1

  Authors:

  Eduard V. Fomin, Tamara N. Erina

  Work direction:

  Special Theme of the Issue: Research of Chuvash Language and Culture of Chuvashia

  Abstract:

  This article is devoted to the study of non-literary units that exist in the Cheboksary regiolect of the Russian language and are recognized as important speech markers of the residents of Cheboksary. The purpose of the work is to characterize the Cheboksary regiolect of the region as a complex phenomenon that combines two hypostases – literary and new vernacular, as well as to analyze uncodified colloquial vocabulary. The material of the research was, first of all, lexico-phraseological units collected by the authors in the course of long-term observations of the speech of the inhabitants of Cheboksary. The conclusions of the work are based on the analysis of the material from the orthological point of view. As a result of the research, the authors came to the following conclusion: in the capital of the Chuvash Republic there is a stable specific layer of linguistic units localized by the city and its agglomeration. It is represented by expressive uncodified lexical and phraseological units, Chuvash-Russian new formations, imitation of the Russian speech of the Chuvash. Moreover, such cheboksarisms are well known within the functioning of the regiolect, and do not belong exclusively to any social group. This lexical layer, despite its insignificant volume, is important for the self-identification of the inhabitants of Cheboksary as carriers of a separate linguistic phenomenon, and it must be recognized as the main source of the Cheboksary regional dictionary.

  Keywords:

  cheboksarisms, uncodified spheres of language use, Cheboksary regiolect of the Russian language

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• Analytical Forms of the Verb as a Structural Feature of the Grammar of the Chuvash Language

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 1

  Author:

  Eduard E. Lebedev

  Work direction:

  Special Theme of the Issue: Research of Chuvash Language and Culture of Chuvashia

  Abstract:

  The study is devoted to the consideration of the analytical forms of the verb in the Chuvash language and the issue of their inclusion in the system of grammatical categories along with synthetic forms. The work was carried out on the material of samples of Chuvash fiction using the functional-semantic method. The article presents a brief history of the study of this issue both in general in Turkic studies and in Chuvash linguistics. The author emphasizes that the existing undefined status of such combinations in the grammars of the Chuvash and other Turkic languages does not contribute to an adequate description of the corresponding forms and categories. Due to the fact that one of the components of analytical forms completely or partially loses its nominative meaning, while acquiring an official grammatical meaning, they have not become the subject of detailed study in the syntax section. But in morphology, they are also not studied to the proper extent due to the fact that more than one word is formally present in such combinations. The author believes that when applying the functional-semantic approach to the study of such combinations, it becomes clear that functionally these forms do not differ from synthetic forms and should be the subject of description at the morphological level. The conclusions of the research are supported by examples of specific analytical forms and are as follows: these forms are an integral part and structural feature of the Chuvash language grammar. As a prospect for further research, we can name a detailed study of the functional and semantic component of the analytical forms of the verb and the development of their classification.

  Keywords:

  analytical forms, mode of action, grammatical categories of the verb, auxiliary verbs, gerunds

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• Chuvash Chăshtăr-Chashtăr vs. Mari Chyshtyr-Choshtyr

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 1

  Author:

  Valentina Y. Kirillova

  Work direction:

  Special Theme of the Issue: Research of Chuvash Language and Culture of Chuvashia

  Abstract:

  This work is devoted to the study of onomatopoeic paired words of the languages of the central zone of the Volga-Kama language union – Chuvash and Mari. These languages belong to different families (Altai and Uralic), however, for many centuries they have been in close relations, as a result of which they were subjected to significant contamination. The purpose of this work is to establish general and particular parameters of paired words in the languages being compared. The material for the study was the Chuvash and Mari onomatopoeic words, phonetically close to each other. The conclusions of the work are based on the methods of comparative linguistics. On the basis of academic dictionaries, the author establishes a common layer of onomatopoeic paired words of the Chuvash and Mari languages. Studies have shown that, in a derivatological sense, paired words in both languages are built on the basis of the same model and represent onomatopoeia with an incomplete divergent reduplicative component in the final part of the word. At the same time, pairs practically do not reveal semantic convergences. It seems that the discovered feature of phonetically consonant paired words can be explained only by drawing on the genetic differences of languages that are implicitly preserved to the present and only make themselves felt with special scientific analysis.

  Keywords:

  Chuvash language, language contacts, onomatopoeic words, paired words, reduplication, Mari language

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• Pentecost Church-Ale in the Aksubaevsky District of The Republic of Tatarstan

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 1

  Authors:

  Elena G. Gushchina, Danila V. Egorov, Arslan K. Mingaliev

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Anthropology and Folkloristics

  Abstract:

  In the article the authors on the basis of materials, consider the issues of preserving cultural traditions of the Russian population of the Middle Volga region, namely the revival of the Pentecost church-ale in 20–21 centuries on the example of the Russian national center of Aksubaevsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The experience accumulated over the thirty-year history of the revival of the holiday has not yet become an object of study of scientists, which determines the relevance of our work. The aim is to consider the features of the local version of the celebration of the Pentecost and the specifics of the revival of folk tradition in the modern world. The authors used general historical methods and special methods of ethnology: included observation and in-depth interview. Pentecost in its original meaning is a church festival. But it also incorporated folk traditions, customs and rituals. In Soviet times the celebration completely lost its former significance, the church service on the Whit Monday (Pentecost) was also not performed. Thanks to the initiative of local residents, the celebration of the Pentecost was resumed, which was a vivid example of the positive ethno-cultural experience of the revival of local ritual practices of the Russians of the Middle Volga region.

  Keywords:

  ethnography, tradition, ethnic festivals, Pentecost, national holidays, Pentecost church-ale, revival of traditions

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• The Image of Witch in the Documents of the Salem Witch-Trial

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 1

  Author:

  Leionis A. Van Khaaske

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Anthropology and Folkloristics

  Abstract:

  The article attempts to reconstruct the image of a witch based on the interrogation records of those accused of witchcraft during the Salem trial (Massachusetts, North America, 1692) and related materials. The subject of research is the phenomenon of prosecution on those accused of witchcraft. The source base are the records of the Salem process, transcribed and published in 1977, as well as a number of documentary testimonies of witnesses, speaking from a puritanical viewpoint. The article examines the features of the mythological worldview of traditional society, dictated by the belief in supernatural influence (witchcraft). After analyzing the interrogation records of the first accused during this trial and considering a number of their biographical data, the author comes to the conclusion that the situation demonstrated by this trial is paradoxical: in fact, arbitrary people are subjected to persecution, and the reconstruction of the image of a witch that could underlie such accusations, does not seem possible. The author's conclusions are essential for the study of both the phenomenon of witch-trials and the mentality of traditional society. This article was conducted from an imagological perspective relevant to modern social studies.

  Keywords:

  witch-trial, the image of a witch, fear of the supernatural, the Other, puritan mentality, mythological worldview, spectral evidence, colonial America

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• The Research of the Assyrian Diaspora in Central Russia on the Example of the Communities of the Ryazan Region Cities

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 1

  Author:

  Sergei S. Mikhailov

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Anthropology and Folkloristics

  Abstract:

  The history of the Assyrians who settled on the territory of Russia is an important and understudied topic. The purpose of the article is to acquaint readers and the scientific community with the results of the study of the Assyrian diaspora in the Ryazan region. The local Assyrian communities formed in the 1920s-1930s were studied. Ryazan region of Russia. Using the methods of field research, we find out that in Ryazan in the twentieth century, two small Assyrian necropolises arose – at the historical Lazarevskoye and Skorbyashensky cemeteries. The author inspected the graves preserved for 2019–2020. The Ryazan Assyrian necropolis does not differ from the places of compact burials of representatives of this people in other cities, which were examined by the author. Nevertheless, it is very important for the study of this diaspora. The results of the study showed that the Assyrian people were subdivided by the beginning of the twentieth century. for two dozen subethnos (tribes), representatives of some tribal and groups created diasporas. Regarding Ryazan, this is a large part, natives of the independent («ashiret») region of Djilu (the Jilvai tribe), the Maliks of Djilu Gorta (Big Djilu), from the villages of Alsan (local group of alasnaya), Zirini (grain), Midi (copper). A rather small number of families turned out to be in Russia – natives of the Ashiret independent Maliks – Thuma (the Thumnaya tribe), as well as natives of the small village of Shvava, whose inhabitants make up a small group of Shavetnaya. In the latter case, we have established the name of the genus-otzhah. Ryazan thumnaya, judging by what we know about their fellow tribesmen in neighboring Moscow, Tula, as well as in Georgia, most likely came from the village of Myazrya (maser group). The paper presents facts of the history of small Assyrian communities in other cities of the Ryazan region – Kasimov, Ryazhsk and Mikhailov. The main professional occupation of the representatives of the Assyrian communities in the 1920–1970s was shoe cleaning. It is concluded that the Assyrians, despite the small number of the diaspora, played a role in the urban culture of Ryazan in the twentieth century. In the future, we intend to expand the resources of the research base and continue to study various aspects of the life of the Assyrians in Russia.

  Keywords:

  Assyrians, diaspora, Ryazan, Ryazan region, Ryazhsk, Kasimov, Mikhailov, necropolis

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• Thomas Winterberg's Danish Experiments

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 1

  Author:

  Eduard O. Krank

  Work direction:

  History and Theory of Art Questions

  Abstract:

  The article is devoted to the work of the Danish film director T. Winterberg. The aim of the article is to study the plot originality of the stories told by T. Winterberg by methods of cinema, to understand the genre specificity of his films, highlighting the experiment as the most significant component of their artistic and mental originality. Descriptive, hermeneutic, diachronic, historical-genetic, comparative, analytical and biographical methods, used in a complex manner, allow one to come to certain conclusions. These conclusions are that T. Winterberg's cinematography relies on experiment as a way of plotting, which determines the genre character of the director's films. This is confirmed by the luck that accompanied exactly those films of T. Winterberg, which are built on Danish material, and the much less success of films created on plots that are associated with other toposes (Soviet, American, British). T. Winterberg became world famous after the release of the film "Family Celebration", made within the framework of such originally Danish phenomenon as «Dogma-95». Collation of the author's manner of T. Winterberg with the master of Danish (and world) cinema and originator of «Dogma» L. von Trier allows us to compare the ways of organizing the narrative of two famous film directors: if L. von Trier's films are based on provocation, then T. Winterberg – exactly on experiment. Being rooted on national soil, this experiment transcends ethnic narrow-mindedness itself, acquiring a universal, between-national character.

  Keywords:

  Danish cinema, Dogma 95, Thomas Winterberg, existential experiment, Lars von Trier, film narration

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• Ethnic Self-Consciousness of Students and its Development in the Process of Studying the Discipline «Theory and Methods of Ethnocultural Education»

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 1

  Author:

  Marina P. Kamaeva

  Work direction:

  Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education

  Abstract:

  The article examines the problems of the formation of ethnic self-awareness of university students in the process of teaching the discipline «Theory and methods of ethnocultural education». The relevance of the study is determined by the state policy that elevates culture to the rank of national priorities and recognizes it as the most important factor in the harmonization of public relations, the guarantor of the preservation of a single cultural space and territorial integrity. The purpose of the article is to consider the issues of content-methodological and educational plan in the formation and development of ethnic self-consciousness of students of higher educational institutions in the process of teaching the dissertation "Theory and methodology of ethno-cultural education". The analysis of normative-legal and legislative acts in the field of culture and education, observation, and the method of generalization of pedagogical experience allowed us to identify effective forms and means of ethno-cultural education of students. The data of a sociological survey conducted before and after studying the discipline "Theory and methodology of ethno-cultural education" among students of the training direction "Folk Art Culture" of the Chuvash State Institute of Culture and Arts are presented in the article. Based on the data obtained by such criteria as the level of formation of ethnonigilism, ethnic indifference, positive ethnic identity, ethno-egoism, ethno-isolationism, ethno-fanaticism, conclusions were drawn about the positive result of the study and recommendations were made for the development of ethnic self-knowledge of students in the course of studying the discipline "Theory and Methodology of ethno-cultural education".

  Keywords:

  ethnic identity, ethno-cultural competence, methods of ethno-cultural education, ethnic self-consciousness, ethnic education, multi-ethnic society

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• Folklore Traditions of Belarusians in the Context of Professional Training of Specialists at the Belarusian State University of Culture and Arts

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 1

  Author:

  Alesia I. Gurchenko

  Work direction:

  Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education

  Abstract:

  The purpose of the article is to analyze the specifics of training at the Belarusian State University of Culture and Arts, whose professional activities are associated with the embodiment of the traditions of oral folk art in culture and in one of its phenomena – art. In this article, the object of research is the process of training at the Belarusian State University of Culture and Arts. The subject of the research was the filling of the educational process with educational disciplines of folklore, aimed at the formation of social, personal and professional competencies of future specialists in all specialties for which the university is training. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of providing the educational process with such educational disciplines in the areas of specialties and specializations, focused on folklore as a method of translating the folklore traditions of Belarusians in art. The use of methods for analyzing regulatory documents and educational and program documentation made it possible to determine a list of specialties, according to which the process of professional training of students is aimed at translating the authentic traditions of Belarusians into contemporary art. The result of the study showed that in recent decades in Belarusian folklore there is a clear tendency to use by the authors of various methods of understanding the folklore source. It is concluded that the basis of the educational process is made up of competencies, the content of which includes the artistic processing of folklore, at the same time, the educational process does not always aimed at the formation of the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities of interpreting folklore in art.

  Keywords:

  educational process, folklore, folklorism, training of specialists, specialist competencies

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