• Archaic Motives in Décor of Ingush and Kazakh Felts: Comparative and Contrastive Aspect

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 2

  Author:

  Olga I. Berdnikova

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  The following work examines stylistic peculiarities of Ingush and Kazakh felts, offers the parallels of manufacturing technology as well as traditional décor of Ingush and Kazakh original carpets. The aim of the study is to elicit mutual historically contingent stylistic features of Ingush and Kazakh felts arrangement. In the process of the study we used semantic as well as comparative and contrastive analyses aimed on iconologic method and image discrimination theory. The hypothesis of different felt methods, more archaic ornament elements as well as the technology of its creation, are in fact similar in the art of these people, not being in close kinship, finds its endorsement. These facts justify juxtaposition of the cultures of their ancestors in the beginning of Middle ages when Huns – people of Central Asia decent – took up their residence in North Caucasus. Huns, being the representatives of historical and cultural commune of the barren world, possessed similar points of view on life order. In their notion the structure of the world was controlled by Tengri – the head of God’s pantheon. In nomad’s applied arts he was depicted as a rosette. North Caucasus indigenous population (Scythian Sarmatians and Sarmatian Alans) worshipped Kuar the Sun, the notion of whom merged with the image of Tengri and stuck in well-known visual symbols, found in decorations following their world view. The elements of archaic ornament and the manufacturing technologies in accordance with the succession principle in folk arts carried on through centuries. They formed the base of stylistic peculiarities of modern felts among both Ingush and Kazakh people.

  Keywords:

  felt arts, Ingush and Kazakh masters, ornament motives, resilient stylistic features

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• The Ontological Dimension of Everyday Life in the Mythopoetic Picture of the World

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 2

  Author:

  Natalia P. Ryabchun

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  The article deals with the concept of a home in traditional culture. It is argued that in the mythopoetic tradition, universal principles of creating a house were formed. This deserves attention today, because the main thesis in the concept of a home was the idea of the ontological dimension of everyday life, of the close connection of the spiritual and the material, of the connection of philosophical ideas and everyday actions. In traditional culture, everyday life was associated with the origins of being, was the sphere of application of creative forces. The object of research is the practice of building peasant houses in the medieval period, as well as in the XVIII-XIX centuries, their architecture and interior, their relationship with the surrounding landscape. The author uses general historical, semiotic and hermeneutical methods of research. The article systematizes the architectural principles of building a traditional home, which made the peasant house a prototype of the cosmos, a model of the universe. The author analyzes such structural elements of the mythological picture of the world as the tree of life, the world axis, the cross, the sacrifice, and their application in architecture. The author considers the ideas about the heterogeneity of space in the mythological culture and how they were used in the construction of the house; the function of doors, windows, gates in the symbolic structure of the house is investigated. The conclusion is made about the trinity of information, energy and matter in traditional culture.

  Keywords:

  folklore, mythopoetic picture of the world, concept of a home, ontology, traditional dwelling, semantics of ritual, archaic consciousness, world tree, cosmos, sacrifice

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• On the History of the Formation of Assyrian Diasporas in Cities on the Riga Railway

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 2

  Author:

  Sergei S. Mikhailov

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  In the article the author talks about a local episode in the history of the formation of one of the little-studied diasporas of the cities of Central Russia – the Assyrians. The author's goal is to consider the emergence of communities of the considered ethnic group using the example of small Assyrian diasporas known from the Riga Railway. Since the Assyrians settled in the cities of European Russia for the most part after exodus from their places of traditional residence, fleeing the genocide unleashed by the Turkish authorities during the First World War, their new places of residence anyway were tied to the lines of the railways that existed at that time. For this study, the Riga (formerly Vindava) direction was chosen, about the Assyrians of which the author has so far collected the maximum possible information. Based on the materials of the largest researcher of the Assyrian diaspora of the former USSR – archimandrite Stephen (Sado), as well as on the materials of his own field research, the author provides the reader with information on the diasporas that arose at the early stage of the formation of the Russian Assyrian community – in the 1920s-1930s. The article deals with the Assyrians of the former city of Tushino, which in 1960 became part of Moscow, Istra, Volokolamsk, Rzhev, Velikiye Luki, Toropets, located on the territory of the Moscow, Tver and Pskov regions of the Russian Federation. First of all, the participation of families from different tribal and rural communities in the formation of diasporas is considered, as a result, the author identifies at least three parts on this railway direction, inhabited by people from certain tribes. The first part, which includes the former city of Tushino and, possibly, Istra and Volokolamsk, is represented by the diasporas of the Jylu tribe. In the second, on the indicated railway direction, we include only the city of Rzhev. There, first of all, we see two groups of families of people from the village. Kochanis (Kuchisnaya tribe) and the Diz region (Diznaya). The latter point allows us to consider the city as part of the settlement area of the diasporas of this group, which includes some cities of the Tver and Smolensk regions, located along the adjacent Torzhok – Vyazma branch. The third part is the cities of Velikiye Luki and Toropets, in which we know mainly the Assyrians of the Shapatna group, who in the 1920–1930s created a large array of settlement of their diasporas, covering part of the north-west of Russia, Belarus, part of the north of Ukraine.

  Keywords:

  family, Assyrians, diaspora, city, Riga Railway, local group, refugees, settlement, community

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• German Packaging for Russian Novel: on the Problem of the Genre of the “Fiery Angel” by V. Bryusov

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 2

  Author:

  Eduard O. Krank

  Work direction:

  Languages of the Nations of the World

  Abstract:

  The article is devoted to the problem of the genre of V. Bryusov’s novel “The Fiery Angel”. The purpose of the article is to assert that the author uses the tradition of the medieval German novel in a stylized capacity. Bryusov needs the method of literary mystification not so much to hide relationships of real people who served as prototypes for the heroes of the novel, but to establish an allusive cultural connection between Germany in the era of M. Luther and the “Silver Age” of Russian literature, with its interest in issues of religion and gender. The relevance of the study dictated by the attention of the modern reader to the literature of the “Silver Age”, as well as a special interest in metamorphoses that the novel genre undergoes in the era of modernism and postmodernism. The research materials are the text of the novel, biographical information related to the personalities of prototypes, reviews of literary criticism, as well as literary studies. We use descriptive, hermeneutic, synchronic, diachronic, historical-genetic, comparative, analytical and biographical methods in this work. The results of the study and their discussion consist in reflection on the paradigm in defining the genre of the novel, in pointing out the tradition of literary mystification, which rises to the “Belkin’s Tales” by A. Pushkin. Also important is the circumstances that the religious searches inherent in the prototypes of the heroes of the novel are akin to Protestant moods of the Reformation. As a result, we conclude that the author, because of the anthropological unity of the archetypal situation, continued the literary tradition of the German Middle Ages. It is laid down in the basis of the plots of both V. Bryusov’s novel and the first part of “Faust” by I.W. Goethe, as well as A. Belyi’s novel “Petersburg”, in which the love triangle invariant and its transformation from prototypes to characters is represented by the same mechanism as is characteristic of the “Fiery Angel”. The assertion of this way of implementing a behavioral scheme (anthropological invariant) in the process of transforming prototypes into characters is the innovation of our work.

  Keywords:

  Protestantism, Silver Age, novel as a genre, prototype, anthropological invariant

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• The Linguistic Origin of the Hori-Buryat Pagan Name Odo / Odoy / Otoy

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 2

  Author:

  Raisa G. Zhamsaranova

  Work direction:

  Languages of the Nations of the World

  Abstract:

  The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of personal names of pre-Tibet-Mongolian origin of the corpus of the historical anthroponymicon of the Khori-Buryats. The purpose of the article is to introduce the historical anthroponymicon of the Khori-Buryats as one of the Mongolian-speaking peoples written out from the censuses of the State Archive of the Trans-Baikal Territory for 1850–1851 in the aspect of comparative linguistics. One of the tasks of this study is to determine the preliminary meaning of names like Odo / Odoy / Otoy and, accordingly, the possible linguistic origin of these names. Materials and methods of research. The anthroponymic material is personal names with unclear semantics, written out from the censuses of 11 Khori-Buryat kins for 1850–1851 from the documents of State Archive of the Trans-Baikal Territory. It is known about the complexity of the ethnogenesis of any people, not excluding the Khorin Buryats as one of the Mongolian peoples. Historical anthroponyms of any ethnic group with an adequate «deciphering» of their meaning can serve as a kind of proof of the hypothetical participation of different tribal communities of the historical past, both in language and in their ethnicity, and of the peoples and territories of their modern habitat. The research methodology is based on the comparative method, the component method, and the comparative-historical method. The scientific novelty of the study of the names of the historical anthroponymicon is obvious for the following reasons: firstly, historical personal names that have been documented in archival documents have been introduced into scientific circulation; secondly, these names have not been studied for their ethnolinguistic before this article; thirdly, the preliminary results of the meaning of these names, and most importantly, their linguistic origin, have an absolute perspective for the development of many humanities, primarily Siberian onomastics, in the context of contrastivistics and comparative studies.

  Keywords:

  personal names Odo / Odoy / Otoy, Khori-Buryat, census of 1850–1851, anthroponymic substrate, pre-Tibet-Mongolian names of the Buryats

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• Literary Arrangement of Folklore Plots into the Language of Fiction: The Poem by G. Tukay «SU Anasy» through the Prism of the Folklore and Mythological Basis of the Work

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 2

  Author:

  Saviia G. Samitova

  Work direction:

  Folklore Studies

  Abstract:

  The article is the first attempt to determine the peculiarities of the perception of folklore and mythological plots, with the image of Su Anasy in the center, by Tatar fiction. The relevance and significance of the present research is determined by the lacunarity of this scientific topic in the modern Turkology research. The investigation reflected in this article is based on the use of comparative, systemic, functional and genetic methods, as well as the reconstruction method. The use of these methods is determined by the desire to present a comprehensive analysis of the multifactorial influence of the folklore and mythological specifics of the Su Anasy image on its plot, ideological, ethical and aesthetic adaptation to the field of fiction, that is the aim of the present work. In the course of the analysis, it was established that the central image of the poem of Tatar classic G. Tukay is a kind of quintessence of the traditional worldview of the Tatar ethnos, accumulating the most archaic, basic epistemological and axiological constants. The revealed fact of the dialogue between folklore and imaginative literature, forms an ethnically marked consonance between the two varieties of verbal creativity, and we can claim that this very statement explains the fact that several generations of literary scholars assess the Gabdulla Tukay’s «Su Anasy» as a truly folk work.

  Keywords:

  interpretation, mythology, Tatar folklore, Su Anasy, literary arrangement, amplification

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• Tatar Gastronomic Culture Through the Prism of Proverbs and Sayings

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 2

  Author:

  Elena L. Iakovleva

  Work direction:

  Folklore Studies

  Abstract:

  A significant layer in the culture of an ethnic group is folklore, which includes a variety of folk art. It expresses the knowledge and experience of the people. Proverbs and sayings, where the centuries-old wisdom of the ethnic group is conveyed in a concise form, concerning different spheres of life, are of interest for learning. Thanks to proverbs and sayings, it is possible to reconstruct the national picture of the world and its components, but often this aspect remains out of the field of attention of scientists. In this regard, the aim of the study was the proverbs and sayings of the Tatar people concerning food. The hypothesis is put forward that the proverbs and sayings of the Tatar people are able to identify the characteristic features of the gastronomic culture of the Tatars, which includes culinary culture, the culture of eating and gastronomic reflection. The key research methods are analytical and hermeneutical. On their basis, the Tatar proverbs and sayings collected in the 6th volume of the publication «Tatar Folk Art» of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan edited by H.Sh. Makhmutov are studied. As a result of the analysis, the respectful attitude of the ethnic group to food, the production and preparation of which is associated with hard work, was highlighted. The Tatars reflected their love for certain products and dishes, formulated tips for housewives on farming, paid attention to moderation in food and etiquette in proverbs and sayings. The study confirmed the hypothesis. It is concluded that the acquired knowledge allows us to reconstruct the national picture of the Tatars of the Middle Volga region and the Urals from a new perspective through the prism of proverbs and sayings, to interpret their national culture and many of its components, including everyday life and everyday life.

  Keywords:

  folklore, tradition, national cuisine, gastronomic culture, proverbs, sayings, Tatar culture, food

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• About the Need of Studying Subjects with Ethnocultural Component in Yugra

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 2

  Author:

  Natalia V. Tkachuk

  Work direction:

  Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education

  Abstract:

  The author has studied the sociolinguistic experience of conducting regional studies among the titular ethnic groups of Ugra. The purpose of the article is to to find out the need to study subjects with ethno-cultural content in Ugra schools by using the questionnaire survey among the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the Kondinsky district. The subject of the study is the indigenous ethnic groups of Ugra – Khanty, Mansi, Nenets. Research methods. The theoretical and methodological foundations of ethno-cultural education are studied. The work used sociological data obtained by questionnaire collection of material. 684 questionnaires were systematized on the basis of the software for processing and analyzing sociological information «Vortex». The article emphasizes the importance of preserving, supporting and using the native languages of the titular peoples of Ugra. As a result of the study, a picture describing the vitality of the indigenous languages of the study area was obtained, and the need for educational subjects with an ethno-cultural component was established. The problem of preserving native languages is acute. In the teaching the subjects with the ethno-cultural component, the motivation and ethnic self-consciousness of the participants themselves (representatives of indigenous small-numbered peoples) are important, who, by their own will, can positively influence the socio-cultural processes of ethnic communities, the linguistic stability and prospects of national languages.

  Keywords:

  native language, subjects with ethno-cultural content, indigenous small-numbered peoples of Ugra

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• Respondents’ View on the Study of Ethnocultural Subjects in General Education Organizations of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra: On the Example of the Cities of Kogalym and Langepas

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 2

  Author:

  Saidmurod K. Khaknazarov

  Work direction:

  Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education

  Abstract:

  The article considers the need of educational institutions of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (on the example of the cities of Kogalym and Langepas) to teach ethnocultural subjects. This problem is also relevant for the region under consideration, where the indigenous small peoples of the North of Khanty, Mansi and Forest Nenets live. The purpose of this work is to study the state of studying the native language and ethnocultural subjects in general education institutions of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, the request of parents of schoolchildren from among the indigenous small peoples of the North for ethnocultural subjects. The tasks of the work are to identify the state of study of the native language and ethnocultural subjects in general education institutions and to determine the need of parents of schoolchildren from among the indigenous small peoples of the North for ethnocultural subjects. The object of the study was the parents of schoolchildren from among the indigenous small peoples of the North living in the cities of the Autonomous Okrug. The main method of our research is questionnaire. Results: just over half of respondents (50.9%) believe that teaching their native language and subjects with ethnocultural content will to some extent help preserve the traditional culture of the indigenous minorities peoples of the North. Among the respondents in Langepas, pessimistic assessments prevail; in Kogalym (68.9%), the majority of respondents believe in the role of teaching ethnocultural subjects. Only 36.8% of respondents want their children to study ethnocultural subjects at school.

  Keywords:

  sociological research, native language, ethnocultural education, indigenous minorities of the North

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• Review: Kutsaeva M.V. (2020). Functioning of the Ethnic Language in the Chuvash Diaspora of the Moscow Region, 312

  Review

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 2

  Author:

  Eduard V. Fomin

  Work direction:

  Reviews and Peer-Reviews

  Abstract:

  Review, abstract, keywords.

  Keywords:

  keywords

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