• On the Problem of Rational Use of the Potential of the Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Crimea: Features of Development Based on the Concept of a Unique Historical Territory

  Review Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 1

  Author:

  Nikolay V. Nikolaenko

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  The article is devoted to the problem of rational use of the potential of natural and cultural heritage objects. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the development of Crimean tourism and local history organizations urgently requires practical measures to modernize socio- and ethno-cultural activities, and also leads to the search for new forms of interaction with local museums and the development of innovative methods and principles of preserving cultural and historical heritage. The author of the article considers the ecomuseum project "Belbek Valley" as an opportunity to reconstruct the appearance of rural dwellings of the 8-9 centuries. He raises the question of the materialization of such a reconstruction, the creation of a museum complex that will clearly present an early medieval rural settlement. The purpose of the article is to give an idea of the initial stage of design, i.e. the identification of the main objects of the prospective territory of the Crimea, followed by the development of a comprehensive program for the development of the region on the principles of the concept of unique historical territories. The materials for the study were natural monuments, archaeological sites, medieval historical and cultural memorials of the Crimean Peninsula. Based on the method of theoretical analysis, the uniqueness of the ecomuseum project "Belbek Valley" was substantiated. The conclusion of the article is made about the mountainous southwestern part of the Crimean Peninsula as a unique territory, which is a holistic, dispersed museum, full of monuments of nature, history, and culture.

  Keywords:

  historical and cultural heritage, eco-museum

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• Specificity of Adaptation of Ethnocultural Groups in the Modern Polycultural Space

  Review Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 1

  Author:

  Elena A. Krishtanosova

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  The paper considers the main directions of multiculturalism policy in the modern multicultural space. The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics and main characteristics of the conditions and principles of living and adaptation of migrants and refugees; to characterize the basic principles, value-semantic attitudes that harmonize ethno-cultural contacts in the modern multicultural space. On the basis of the comparative method, the main positions of the state policy of multiculturalism in the field of education, culture, social security, mass media, etc. are presented., as well as the main priority areas for more effective implementation of this policy in modern conditions related to the migration crisis around the world. The conclusions are drawn based on the analysis of the material of the carrying out and implementation of the multiculturalism policy, that demonstrate the correctness of the placement of priorities in the multiculturalism policy, contributing to the formation of a tolerant attitude of representatives of the titular ethnos to ethno-cultural groups, as well as the prevention of interethnic and inter-national conflicts, namely: the granting of rights and the adoption of laws that guarantee civil equality of ethno-cultural groups; taking into account the value-semantic attitudes of ethno-cultural groups in the context of social, economic, informational and educational policy; monitoring issues of intergroup interactions by special state and public organizations and associations in the territory of the host country; implementation of socio-cultural, political and legal support for ethno-cultural groups; coordination of local community organizations of ethno-cultural groups that provide the necessary assistance in adaptation; implementation of projects and programs focused on conflict prevention.

  Keywords:

  migration, tolerance, ethno-cultural groups, multiculturalism, values and attitudes

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• The Language and Culture of the Siberian Chuvash as an Object Of Research

  Review Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 1

  Author:

  Albina Kiran

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  This article is devoted to the problem of maintaining and preserving the ethnic culture and language of the Chuvash living in Western Siberia. The purpose of the work is to initiate the beginning of linguistic and, in general, ethnographic studies of this diaspora group of the Chuvash people, the existence of which is an interesting scientific problem. The author mainly relies on the already published scientific developments of Siberian scientists. In fact, these studies are written in the genre of an essay. It provides information about the language, demographic situation, folklore and religion of the Chuvash of the specified region. Studies have shown that the Chuvash of the metropolis and Siberia retain many common features in traditions, customs, religious practice and culture. Their first generation tries to preserve the ethnic culture to the maximum extent possible. The new settlers, as a rule, speak the language and observe the traditional ritual and festive culture, while representatives of the Chuvash Republic often take a significant part in their life. Subsequent generations are more exposed to the processes of language shift and de-ethnization. Observations show that in order to maintain and preserve an ethnic culture, it is extremely important to recognize the need to maintain an ethnic language.

  Keywords:

  language, population, ethnic culture, Siberian Chuvash

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• Genesis and Ritual Meaning of Belarusian «Volochobnye» Songs

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 1

  Author:

  Rimma M. Kovaliova

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  The article is devoted to the problems of the origin and ritual meaning of the spring «volochobnye» rituals of the Belarusian people. Those rituals have been analyzed through the mythological and ritual meaning of the «volochobnye» songs and in the comparison with the winter «Kolyada» rituals. The purpose of the article is discovering the common genre and mythological roots of the «volochobnye» and «kolyadnye» songs with attention to the reasons for different actualization of Christian motives. Based on the historical-genetic method, the origin of Belarusian «volochobnye» songs is associated with a chronomyth common to calendar rituals. Their ritual meaning is in magical recreation of the chronomyth through actualization of certain chrono-images, chronomotives, plot chronosituations in the songs. It has been revealed that the «kolyadnye» and «volochobnye» songs, which differ in the time of performance, look like the heirs of the hymnic archegenre, which arose from the most ancient magical exclamations through the development of a meaningful text. Both cycles retain common archaic features, but the genetic connection with the Christian ideology in the «volochobnye» songs is clearly higher due to the ritual integration of different calendars – natural, labor, and Christian. «Kolyadnye» and «volochobnye» songs correlate with parallel calendar systems, which is a consequence of the former dialectic nature of the ritual culture of the ancestors of the Belarusians. It has been concluded that with a certain coincidence of the areas of «kolyadnye» and «volochobnye» songs, the core of the latter is in Polesye, which can be considered as a result of the former dialectic nature of the calendar and ritual culture of the proto-Belarusian tribes, the parallel existence of different calendar systems and thereby close the problem of the historical primogeniture of either «volochobnye» songs or «kolyadnye» songs as scientifically irrelevant.

  Keywords:

  «volochiobnye» songs, «kolyadnye» songs, chronomotives, hymnic archegenre

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• Muslim Tatars of the Nekrashun Parish: History and Modernity

  Review Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 1

  Authors:

  Svetlana V. Gribova, Sergei A. Miskiewicz

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  The article follows the Nekrashun parish of Tatar-Muslim origin on various deep historical processes, from its origin to the present day. The purpose of the article is the observe features of the social and cultural life of the Tatars of the Nekrashun parish, to consider the role of Islamic traditions and the local mosque in the life of the population. The material for the study was the information revealed in the Lithuanian State Historical Archive, in the archive of the Grodno State Museum of the History of Religion. Much attention is paid to genealogy as a method of historical research, personal history. The work provides biographical information of imams, muezzins, active figures of the Tatar community.The authors analyze the historical stage of the infection of the Nekrashun parish in the period from the 15th-16th centuries to the present day, special attention is paid to the interwar period of infection of the twentieth century. It was revealed that Nekrashun people and its outskirts were the site of an ancient settlement of the Tatar-Muslims in the Belarusian lands. The time of the most active development of the Nekrashun parish was the interwar period, accompanied by the development of the policy of the Polish state. At that time, the mosque, which was destroyed during the First World War, was rebuilt, a Muslim school and a parish house were builded. The mosque is about high density for the local Tatar-Muslim population. It performed a consolidating function, leading to the preservation of the Tatar community. Religion is a consequence of the emergency, preventing the assimilation of the population living in an integral Muslim environment.

  Keywords:

  Mosque, Belarusian Muslim Tatars, parish, imam, mizar, muezzin

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• The Bessermian Holiday Akayashka and Terminology Associated with its Celebration

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 1

  Author:

  Sergey A. Maksimov

  Work direction:

  Languages of the Nations of the World

  Abstract:

  The paper is devoted to the traditional Bessermian holiday akayashka associated with the beginning of spring agricultural work. The ritual complex of the holiday lasted for three or four days, and each day had its own name: arafa, akayashka ~ akashka, akayashka kelyan. Relevance. The Udmurt ritual cycle akashka (beserm. akayashka) is described in sufficient detail by researchers of the 19th – early 21st centuries. There have been attempts in recent works to reconstruct the origin and evolution of ritual elements. However, some of the earlier descriptions in similar studies have been left without due attention. The etymologies of some terms related to the celebration of akayashka are not fully disclosed, or they are questionable and need further research or clarification. Conclusion. In this paper, for the first time, the etymologies of the words cholpan (a mallet used to beat on wood to exorcise evil spirits on the first day of the celebration of akayashka) and argar (a rite on the eve of Akayashka with a request from the Almighty God for a harvest) are revealed; the reason for the creation of the name of the rite burdo shөd ‘winged soup’, the analogues of which are absent in Udmurt dialects, is defined; the reasons for the difference in the celebration of the rites of the akayashka ~ akashka ~ gershyd cycle, which have the same source of origin, are also specified.

  Keywords:

  Udmurt language, Bessermian dialect, akayashka ritual complex, etymology, Turkic borrowings

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• The Opposition of the Definite/Indefinite Past Tensein the Kyrgyz Language: the Semantic Effects of the Translation of Chingiz Aitmatov Story “The White Ship”

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 1

  Author:

  Begaiym A. Altynbekova

  Work direction:

  Languages of the Nations of the World

  Abstract:

  The article considers the category of time as a phenomenon of language and literary text based on the story of Chingiz Aitmatov "The White Ship". The interest to the category of time is caused by the asymmetry of the semantics of time in the Russian and Kyrgyz languages in the works of Aitmatov, which plays an important role in the translation of the text from Russian into Kyrgyz. The purpose of the study is to analyze the functions of the past tense, especially the past definite/indefinite in the Kyrgyz version of the story. The analysis is based on the onomasiological approach. The results of the analysis are summarized as follows. In the Russian and Kyrgyz languages, when expressing the grammatical category of time, there is a structural and semantic discrepancy between the forms of past and future tense. But in both versions of the story the past tense lies at the central place. On the one hand, this is due to the non–subjection of the future to human nature, on the other hand, to respect for the past of ancestors as an experience that warns the next generation against mistakes. In the Kyrgyz version of the story, thanks to the various forms of the past tense, the translator was able to vividly convey the whole range of emotions of the boy when it came to the Mother Deer, and the translator was also able to show the importance of the ancestors for the boy.

  Keywords:

  Russian language, translation, artistic bilingualism, Kyrgyz language, grammatical category of time, artistic time continuum

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• Reindeer Lexicon in Ural Languages in the Context of Language Contacts

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 1

  Author:

  Sergey A. Myznikov

  Work direction:

  Languages of the Nations of the World

  Abstract:

  This paper provides an overview of the study of reindeer husbandry and vocabulary associated with it on the material of the Uralic languages. The article is based on the methods of etymological and comparative analysis. The source base of the research was the dictionary materials and personal observations of the author. The purpose of this work is to analyze the reindeer herding vocabulary in the context of the linguistic contacts of the Ural peoples. It is noted that the systematic study of various aspects of reindeer husbandry based on the material of different ethnic groups began in the second half of the 20th century. The most important for the analysis are the materials of the Samoyed languages, in particular the Nenets, whose influence extended to adjacent linguistic continua. There is a section on reindeer husbandry in the context of interethnic and interlingual contacts, since the latter is often the result of economic and interethnic contacts. In a number of cases, the Nenets were the source of distribution of certain methods of using reindeer. An attempt was made to comprehensively analyze the Northern Russian dialect borrowed data, possible etymons that are recorded in the Komi language, the Baltic-Finnish, Ob-Ugric languages, as well as in the Samoyed languages. The interaction of the Samoyed, Perm and Ob-Ugric continuums is noted on the data of the vocabulary of reindeer husbandry.

  Keywords:

  vocabulary, Nenets Ob-Ugric, Sami, Perm, Samoyed, Komi, Khanty, Mansi, reindeer husbandry vocabulary

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• Ethnocultural Approach to the Formation of Musical and Pedagogical Repertoire on the Example of Vocal Lyrics of Chuvash Composers

  Review Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 1

  Author:

  Alisa L. Agakova

  Work direction:

  Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education

  Abstract:

  The purpose of the article is to substantiate the ethno-cultural approach to the formation of the musical and pedagogical repertoire of students of the Chuvash State Institute of Culture and Arts. The implementation of the ethno-cultural approach ensures the orientation of their professional training to the development of culture as a historically determined type of human activity with certain ethnic characteristics. The author examines the potential of Chuvash vocal lyrics in the aspect of an ethnocultural approach, for which he analyzes romance in detail as a genre of Chuvash composer music. Based on the method of stylistic analysis, conclusions are drawn about the derivative character of the Chuvash romance, which goes back through the Russian medium to the medieval European musical tradition. The first Chuvash romances were vocal works based on the words of the classics of Russian literature A. Pushkin and M. Lermontov translated into the Chuvash language. Subsequently, independent Chuvash works with an ethnic sound appeared in the Chuvash musical art (works by O. Agakova, Y. Grigoriev). Romances have enriched Chuvash chamber music with vivid artistic images, they are characterized by a deep insight into the drama of verse, sincerity, lyricism and nobility of utterance, a variety of forms. The musical and pedagogical repertoire of vocal students should be supplemented with works of both the early stage (romances to the words of Pushkin and Lermontov translated into Chuvash) and modern (romances with ethnic sounding accompaniment with a characteristic Chuvash folk music mode and metrorhythmics, with Russian and Chuvash texts).

  Keywords:

  creativity, national culture, composer, heritage, song, romance, vocal lyrics

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• Training students of the College of Culture for a stage performance of the Chuvash folk dance

  Review Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 1

  Author:

  Liudmila N. Nyanina

  Work direction:

  Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education

  Abstract:

  Folk dance is an important tool in preparing students of the College of Culture for teaching as leaders of an amateur creative team. The content of their training includes the choreographic creativity of different peoples. The purpose of the article is to determine the necessary and sufficient minimum knowledge about the specific features of the Chuvash national choreography so that students can use this knowledge to implement choreographic productions, improve performing techniques and embody the manner of performing the Chuvash folk dance. The material of the research was the author's long-term observations of the Chuvash folk choreography, passed through personal experience of staging dances for the professional stage. The work is based on the description method and in general is of a review nature. Folk dance is the most expressive layer of the Chuvash culture. It contains a significant potential necessary to maintain the vital properties of the Chuvash ethnos. In particular, it has unique ethnic features and only in some cases allows borrowing from other peoples. In general, the Chuvash dance in movements repeats the aesthetics of national embroidery. Important properties in the Chuvash dance are endowed with hands: women's movements are extremely smooth and slow, men's are sharp and fast. The position of the hands, combined with the movement of the legs and the body as a whole, create a unique ethnic flavor. Chuvash dances have dialectal differences according to ethnographic groups, while they are based on a single complex, historically dating back to rituals and ceremonies.

  Keywords:

  ethnography, Chuvash, folk dance, hand position in the dance

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• Chuvash Folklore in the Creative Work of Performing Musicians and Music Teachers of Chuvashia

  Review Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 1

  Author:

  Lyubov I. Bushueva

  Work direction:

  Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education

  Abstract:

  The article is devoted to the study of the creative experiences of Chuvash amateur authors – performers and teachers who created compositions based on national musical folklore. The purpose of the work is to draw the attention of musicians of Chuvashia to the valuable Chuvash composer and performer creativity and to promote the introduction of the creative heritage of performers and teachers of the past into the educational process of institutions of additional and professional education. The subject of the study was the compositions of performers and teachers, created by them on the material of Chuvash musical folklore. Based on the methods of theoretical analysis, the author traces the history of the development of pedagogical and instructional direction in Chuvash music, and reviews existing textbooks. The author pays special attention to the Piano Chrestomathy by O. Ya. Agakova. It is concluded that folklore takes a significant place in the creative practice of Chuvash performers and teachers of musical disciplines. This, on the one hand, is due to the powerful potential of folklore and the relatively late formation of Chuvash professional music, on the other. Such developments have educational potential and are a valuable source of performing repertoire. The development of music education in the Chuvash Republic is unthinkable without relying on existing traditions and developing new textbooks.

  Keywords:

  Chuvash music, musical folklore, educational and methodical manual, Agakova, Maksimov

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