• About Modern Factors of Yakut Identity at the Turn of the XX–XXI Centuries

  Review Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 3

  Author:

  Daria G. Bragina

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  In the conditions of the historically established ethnic diversity in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the complex development of market relations and the strengthening of the role of the ethnic factor, the problems of ethno-social adaptation of the indigenous population arises. The purpose of the article is to study the structure of a person's self-identification and to research various forms of identity such as ethno-cultural, linguistic and ethnic. One of the main sources for studying the problems of ethnicity was both various statistical materials, data from an ethno-sociological survey, and field ethnographic materials obtained by the author of the article in the course of expeditionary and stationary work in the uluses of the republic over the last quarter of the XX century – the beginning of the XXI century. When writing the work, the author applied both methods of field research in order to collect initial material, as well as theoretical and methodological ones. The article concludes that if there is a problem with the functioning of the Yakut language and its loss by a part of the urban Yakut population, it does not lead to the loss of Yakut identity. On the contrary, partly the loss of their native language by people of Yakut nationality, as it turned out, leads to the strengthening of their ethno-cultural identity. The dynamic of the number of Yakuts shows that the ethnic factor plays an important role in the identification of a person. The results of the work confirm the thesis that ethnicity, compensating for the weakening of civic identity, becomes a defining stratifying category, acquiring the ethnopolitical rank. In general, despite the influence of various factors, the materials of ethno-sociological studies in Yakutia showed a high degree of manifestation of both ethnic and ethno-cultural identity, and partly linguistic.

  Keywords:

  ethnic identity, national identity, ethno-cultural identity, linguistic identity, ethnic tolerance

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• Folklore Aspects of Funeral and Mourning Rites of Badakhshan Residents

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 3

  Author:

  Abdulfattokh K. Aminov

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  The article is devoted to one of the spheres of the spiritual culture of the inhabitants of Badakhshan – funeral and mourning rites, which reflected many of the traditional ideas of the local population. The purpose of the article is to reveal the distinctive cultural features in the funeral and mourning rites of the inhabitants of Badakhshan. The content of the article is based on the material accumulated by the author from folk stories, beliefs and customs of funerals and mourning ceremonies, the results of surveys of local residents, experts on local rituals and active participants in the relevant rites, as well as the views of previous researchers. On the basis of the method of participant observation, interviews, comparative methods, various aspects of the features of funeral and memorial rites were analyzed, such as reading a prayer for the dead (janoz), funeral lighting of the lamp “Charogravshan” (Lighting the lamp), which form the basis of the religious rites of the mourning Shiite families. Ismailis of Badakhshan. At the end of the article, conclusions are given about the main elements of the rite “Charogravshan”: reading the verses of the Koran associated with light; reading “Kandilname (Charogname)”; prayers for lighting a lamp; reading laudatory verses from the poetry of Nasir Khosrov; praise in the name of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him); prayers and special verses related to grief; checking the lamp by the caliph and those present; prayers and blessings for the repose of the soul of the deceased.

  Keywords:

  ritual, Tajiks, Badakhshan, funeral and mourning rites, legends

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• Features of Fixing the Architectural Heritage in the Belarusian Fine Arts (on the Example of the Exhibition «My Minsk – My Inspiration»

  Review Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 3

  Author:

  Anton B. Grishchenko

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  The exhibition titled «My Minsk – My Inspiration» was organized at the Museum of the History of Minsk and the Belarusian Union of Artists and held in 2021 from September 9 to 26 at the Mikhail Savitsky Art Gallery. This exhibition brought together fine arts and cinema: along with pictorial and graphic works, a number of documentaries in Minsk were presented for viewing, as well as feature films shot especially in Minsk. The purpose of the article is to evaluate paintings and graphic works from the collection of the Belarusian Union of artists presented at the exhibition «My Minsk – my inspiration» in the art gallery of Mikhail Savitsky in Minsk. Created between 1945 and 2018, the mentioned works reflect buildings and streets, valuable in terms of urban development. Paintings have historical and artistic value. The article provides the author's definition of the term «artistic reflection». Based on the method of typing the essence of three artistic reflections of the architectural heritage is revealed: «mirror reflection of artistic heritage», «reflection with the phenomena of artistic reflection» and «fiction in the reflection of the architectural heritage», as well as the identification of works to identify signs of artistic reflection.

  Keywords:

  fine arts, artistic reflection, architectural heritage, Minsk, exhibition

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• On the Structure of the Beserman Dictionary Based on the Materials of T. I. Teplyashina

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 3

  Author:

  Sergey A. Maksimov

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  This work is devoted to description of the microstructure (dictionary entry) of the Beserman dictionary, which is compiled based on the materials of T. I. Teplyashina. Besermans are small people who live compactly in the North West of Udmurtia. From the point of view of linguistics they speak a special dialect of the Udmurt language. The Besermans have a stable ethnic and linguistic identity, which is different from the Udmurt. At the beginning of the 21st century, the language of Besermans has become an object of considerable interest for linguists. Field materials were embodied in two dictionaries, a monograph and scientific articles. The most significant contribution to the study of the Beserman dialect was made by T. I. Teplyashina, who published the monograph “The Language of the Besermans”. Most of her materials, which were systematized in a field file, remained unused. The scientist's field file representing the Beserman speech of speakers born in the century before last can be called a unique linguistic heritage, waiting to be processed and implemented as a dictionary. Our dictionary will contain lexical and textual materials published in monographs and previously unpublished. This article examines in detail the structure of the dictionary, which has no analogues, at least in the lexicography of the Ural-Volga region.

  Keywords:

  Udmurt language, Beserman dialect, Teplyashina's field materials, structure of dictionary, dictionary entry

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• Haiku Form in Udmurt Poetry

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 3

  Author:

  Victor L. Shibanov

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  Japanese forms of verse are beginning to occupy an important place in the Udmurt poetry of recent times. In the 1990s, the dialogue of cultures was directed mainly to the West. In the new millennium, the internal mechanisms of culture begin to actualize the classical East. There comes a time of worldview and understanding of what is happening, haiku is becoming one of the popular genres. The purpose of the study is to identify national features of the haiku genre in the Udmurt lyrics. The object of analysis is the poems of A. Leontiev, S. Matveev and Alexei Arzamazov, written in the form of a Japanese three-line poem. The method of analysis is comparative studies. The results of the study are as follows. Udmurt poets, writing in the form of haiku, strive to see the big world in a small detail, to show the eternal in a moment. The autumn landscape becomes attractive in that it conveys “light sadness” (sabi). Thus, the poets do not copy the Japanese canons, but bring a national flavor. The unexpectedness of the finale (koan) in Udmurt haiku is usually achieved by the fact that the poet passes from one spatial dimension to another.

  Keywords:

  comparative studies, Udmurt poetry, haiku, koan, sabi

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• On the Question of the Cheboksary Shibboleth

  Short Communication

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 3

  Author:

  Eduard V. Fomin

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The work is devoted to the study of the shibboleth in the speech culture of the inhabitants of the capital of Chuvashia. A shibboleth is a word that has absorbed the specific features of a language and is used to identify people for whom this language is not native. The relevance of the study is due to the very existence of the phenomenon of shibboleth in the everyday life of the residents of Cheboksary, which has not yet been studied from the point of view of linguocheboksary. The purpose of the study is to formulate a language unit that maximally concentrates the specific features of the Russian speech of the inhabitants of the city of Cheboksary. The material of the study was the speech samples of Cheboksary residents, during the quantitative and qualitative analysis of which a shibboleth was derived in the form of an interrogative phrase “Skazhite, pozhaluysta, nasha konferencia budet zavtra?” (Tell me, please, will our conference be tomorrow?). At the same time, checking with a shibboleth involves the task of transforming the specified phrase into the Cheboksary regiolect of the Russian language. Completing the task according to the linguistic preferences prevailing in Cheboksary should lead to the invariant “Skazhite-ka, u nas konferencia zavtra budet, chto li?”. The author of the work simultaneously considers Russian shibboleths aimed at the Chuvash linguistic culture, and vice versa. In the Chuvash environment, words with a concentration of a kind of Chuvash phonetics can act as a shibboleth aimed at Russians. In turn, the reproduction of the Russian shibboleth in the Chuvash environment, due to the developed Chuvash-Russian bilingualism, practically does not present any problem in modern realities.

  Keywords:

  Chuvash language, Russian language, language contacts, shibboleth, accent

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• Comparative Analysis of Phraseological Units with the Zoonym Component "Domestic Animal" in the Mordovian and Finnish Languages

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 3

  Author:

  Natalya M. Mosina

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The purpose of the study is to identify common and distinctive features of Mordovian and Finnish phraseological units with the zoonym component «domestic animal» based on a comparative study of the characteristics of the studied phraseological units. The relevance of this study is due to the need for a comprehensive study of phraseological units with a zoonym component in the Mordovian (Erzya, Moksha) and Finnish languages in order to identify common and specific features inherent in these linguistic cultures. The obvious insufficiency of studies of phraseological units of the considered thematic group also explains the study of phraseological units, which have zoonymic components in their composition. The object of the study was the phraseological units of the Mordovian and Finnish languages, in which the zoonym component «domestic animal» was identified. Based on the methods of descriptive, comparative, component analysis, as well as the method of continuous sampling, this article highlights the components of the semantic aspect of phraseological units with zoonym components; the dominant images in phraseological units with the seme-zoonym are revealed, the frequency of their use in two languages is analyzed, and the universal and specific phenomena in the Mordovian and Finnish languages are determined. The main material of the study is presented by phraseological units with a zoocomponent in the Mordovian (Erzya and Moksha) and Finnish languages, identified by continuous sampling from explanatory monolingual, bilingual and phraseological dictionaries, as well as texts of fiction and journalistic literature.

  Keywords:

  phraseological unit, zoocomponent, Erzya language, Moksha language, Finnish language

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• The Scope and Content of the Notion of Phraseomatic Unit (Based on the English Language Material)

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 3

  Authors:

  Vladimir M. Savitskij, Denis V. Gadalin

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The purpose of the research described in the article is to further develop the definition of phraseomatic units and find their position in the system of idiomatics. The research methods applied in the work include dictionary definitions analysis, semantic analysis, comparative analysis. The results of the research are as follows: in the course of analysis the authors showed the characteristic features of phraseomatic units against the background of other kinds of idiomatic units of language; characterized the types of meaning reinterpretation in the process of phrases’ semantic transposition in general and in the process of phraseomatic units generation in particular; revealed the predominant sphere of their speech usage (the discourse of professional communication). The prospects of further research are: studying phraseomatisms in connection with their terminological function, their ability to determine the most important quality of the object of nomination, are bound to deepen our understanding of their place in the system of idiomatics, and therefore they are sure to bring us closer to solving the riddle of idiomaticity. Phraseomatic units and other idiomatic units of language must be studied within the framework of a unified theory of idiomatics. All kinds of idiomatic units have not only specific but also common features, which makes it possible to unify them into one structural and semantic class.

  Keywords:

  phraseological unit, idiom, phraseomatic, semantic transposition, narrowing of meaning, broadening of meaning, shift of meaning, transfer of meaning

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• On the Issue of Ethnic and Civic Identity of University Students

  Short Communication

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 3

  Author:

  Marina P. Kamaeva

  Work direction:

  Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education

  Abstract:

  The article is devoted to the study of the issue of ethnic and civic identity of student youth, the education of a culture of interethnic relations in an educational institution. The article presents an analysis of the literature on the problem under consideration, considers state approaches to solving issues of ethnicity and citizenship. The relevance of the study is due to the reasons that require a timely response to the changes taking place in the modern multi-ethnic space. The multinationality of the Russian Federation, the ambiguity of historically established interethnic relations, the active development in the minds of modern youth of attitudes not only towards material, but also spiritual globalization, allow us to pay special attention to the process of forming ethnic and civic identity of the individual. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the formation of ethnic and civic identity and to identify their relationship in the student environment. The author cites the results of his own empirical studies of the general civic and ethnic identity of university students. The use of the methods of questioning, interviewing, observation and generalization of pedagogical experience helped the author in determining the main directions of ethno-cultural education of students. Ethnic identity is a necessary step in the formation of citizenship of student youth, it makes it easier and faster to interact with representatives of other ethnic groups, unites and helps to adapt to new cultural conditions.

  Keywords:

  educational process, ethnic identity, civic identity, multi-ethnic space

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• Review on: Tagirova L. F. (2011). Cantonal Chiefs of Bashkiria: The National Regional Elite of the First Half of the XIX century, 164

  Review

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 3

  Author:

  Elena V. Godovova

  Work direction:

  Reviews and Peer-Reviews

  Abstract:

  A review of the monograph by Ufa historian L. F. Tagirova "Cantonal chiefs of Bashkiria: the national regional elite of the first half of the nineteenth century", published in Ufa in 2011, is presented. The author raised an urgent topic related to the study of social national leaders, namely cantonal chiefs of Bashkiria, their incorporation into state authorities structures. Conceptually, this study can become a model for the study of national regional elites of various territories or become the basis for comparative studies.

  Keywords:

  Bashkiria, Tagirova, cantonal system, cantonal chiefs, national regional elite

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