• Information Potential and Representativeness of The First General Population Census Of 1897 in The Bessarab Province

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 1

  Author:

  Nataliia P. Gavriliuk

  Work direction:

  Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

  Abstract:

  The article is devoted to the study of the practice of preparing and conducting the First General Population Census in 1897 on the territory of the Bessarabian province. The research area was not chosen by chance and is connected with the events of today, namely the practice of determining the language of communication and functioning on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. The relevance of the study is beyond doubt, since, to study the composition of the population, the dynamics of the population and national composition, the social picture of the region, primary sources and their analysis by contemporaries of the First General Census of the Russian Empire are used, which allows answering some provocative questions of modern historians and politicians. The identification of the subjects, methods and stages of the census makes it possible to clarify the specifics of this approach in relation to the Russian Empire, since the methods and technologies for conducting population censuses borrowed in Europe required revision and adjustment, taking into account the realities of the Russian Empire. One cannot but agree that the results of the census have many shortcomings, in particular, in terms of the ethnic composition of the population, social groups and categories, the language of communication, the occupations of the inhabitants of the Bessarabian province, which is explained by the very organization of the census, the lack of qualified personnel, insufficient funding, etc. d. But, at the same time, it must be taken into account that for their time these were the necessary data and indicators that subsequently made it possible to determine the policy of the central government on the ground and in particular with regard to Bessarabia – the territory of which for many years was under the control of the Ottoman Empire and around which geopolitical disputes.

  Keywords:

  First general population census, Russian Empire, Bessarabian province, questionnaires, census takers, enumerators, census commissions

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• Dynamics of the number of Chuvash speakers on the basis of the 2002–2021 Russian population censuses

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 1

  Author:

  Ektor Alos-i-Font

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The situation of the Chuvash language in the Russian Federation is presented in the light of the 2020 population census. The aim of the study is to understand whether the tempos of the language shift have changed compared to the previous decade. For the sake of comparison, the process of ethnic assimilation of the Chuvash population is also studied. The differences between the five regions with the highest concentration of Chuvash speakers are analyzed, and the position of Chuvash in Chuvashia is contrasted with the one of the official languages in the other five republics of the Volga Federal District. Research results. The analysis shows a serious deterioration in the quality of the 2020 census data compared to previous ones. This problem is partially solved by weighting them. The results show an average annual decline of about three percent of Chuvash speakers at both the Federation and Chuvashia levels throughout the 2010–2020 decade. This represents a doubling of the rate in comparison to the previous intercensal period. This degree of language shift is similar to that observed for Chuvash in Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, but lower than in the Ulyanovsk and Samara regions. The other official languages of the District have drops in the number of speakers in their respective republics similar to those of Chuvash in Chuvashia, including Tatar in Tatarstan. An apparent exception is Bashkir, but the data also indicate serious issues for the languages of Bashkortostan.

  Keywords:

  Chuvash language, official languages in Russia, Russian 2020 population census, language shift, ethnic assimilation, Volga Federal District

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• The sonnet “Le vierge, le vivace et le bel aujourd’hui…” by s. Mallarmé in the translational interpretation of V. Bryusov

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 1

  Author:

  Polina V. Li

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The article discusses the V. Bryusov’s translation reception of the poem by S. Mallarmé “Le vierge, le vivace et le bel aujourd’hui…”. The sonnet is an example of symbolist art, headed by S. Mallarmé in France, and first introduced to the Russian literary tradition by V. Bryusov. The analysis of the embodiment of S. Mallarmé’s poetic images in V. Bryusov’s translation is also important because both authors are renowned for their significant contribution to the world literature. S. Mallarmé created a new poetic language and was proclaimed a “prince of poets”, whereas V. Bryusov’s versatile creative work as well as publicism and translations earned him a status of the master of Russian symbolism. Currently there are more Russian translations of the sonnet “The Swan”, rather than any other language, and the very first one also belongs to V. Bryusov. The article considers the third and most well-known translation, the first to be named “The Swan”. The comparative analysis of the original text of the sonnet and its translation allows to identify the specificity of Bryusov’s perception of S. Mallarmé’s poetry and the peculiarities of the poetics of Russian symbolism.

  Keywords:

  poetry, Russian symbolism, French symbolism, translational reception, Bryusov, Mallarme

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• Phraseological units with a component “bird” in the Mordovian and Finnish languages (semantic analysis)

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 1

  Author:

  Natalya M. Mosina

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The purpose of the study is to identify common and distinctive features of Mordovian and Finnish phraseological units with the zoonym component “bird”. The relevance of this study is due to the need for a comprehensive study of phraseological units in order to identify common and specific features inherent in these linguistic cultures. The object of the study was the phraseological units of the Mordovian and Finnish languages, in which the zoonym component “bird” was identified. Based on the methods of descriptive, comparative, component analysis, the semantic characteristics of phraseological units are studied, dominant images are identified, universal phenomena and distinctive features in the meanings conveyed by phraseological units in the compared languages are determined. The main material of the study is presented by phraseological units with a zoocomponent, identified by continuous sampling from explanatory monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, as well as phraseological developments, texts of fiction and journalistic literature. The properties that the Mordovians and Finns attribute to poultry are in most cases similar, which is why both languages have a lot of phraseological units that coincide in meaning. In both Mordovian and Finnish cultures, the bird is considered a creature that is not very smart. The observed phenomenon is to a greater extent associated with domestic poultry, and to a lesser extent with wild birds.

  Keywords:

  phraseological unit, zoocomponent, Erzya language, Moksha language, Finnish language

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• Literary portraits of N. Gumilev and A. Blok as part of the myth about a Russian poet in G. Ivanov’s memoirs

  Review Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 1

  Author:

  Vera V. Koroleva

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The article deals with the problem of mythologized perception of the names of the poets of the Silver Age N. Gumilev and A. Blok in the works of G. Ivanov «Chinese Shadows» and «Petersburg Winters». The purpose of this study is to determine, based on a comparative analysis of the literary portraits of N. Gumilev and A. Blok, which are created using the contrast technique, the specifics of the myth about the Russian Poet in the memoir prose of G. Ivanov. The two poets are contrasted on the basis of a number of criteria: appearance, character, attitude to creativity, their political position, etc. In conclusion, the article concludes that N. Gumilev and A. Blok, acting as antipodes in the eyes of contemporaries, nevertheless, have similar qualities inherent in the Russian poet: love for the Motherland, dreaminess, nobility, chivalry, romantic nature, inner dualism, hatred of falsehood, lies and willingness to sacrifice for the sake of creativity. G. Ivanov, creating a literary portrait of poets, combines real features in their images with an artistic perception of their personality, thereby making their biography part of the myth of the Russian poet – prophet, for whom life, Russia and creativity are one.

  Keywords:

  myth-making, Ivanov, the myth of the poet, contrast technique, Blok, Gumilev

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• Semantics of anthroponyms in S. Snegov’s novel “People as Gods”

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 1

  Author:

  Vladimir O. Rozhin

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The article analyzes the central work of fiction by the famous Soviet science fiction writer of the second half of the 20th century, whose work was almost not considered in scientific works, and the problem of anthroponymy was not considered at all. The science fiction novel by S. Snegov “People as gods” served as the material for the study. Using contextual, mythological, structural-semantic and intertextual methods, an analysis was made of the proper names of the key characters in this work in order to better understand the author's intention. The protagonist's name, Eli, has an obvious connection with the biblical name El, which is found as a common and generic designation for God in various languages ​​and dialects of the Middle East. In addition, it is a direct reference to the title of the work, which contains the central question in the artistic system of the novel about man as a god-like being. The name of the protagonist's wife – Mary – is the English form of the Russian name Maria, which contains a high meaning, well understood by the Christian consciousness. In the complete absence of any external or internal similarity between the heroine of Snegov and the Virgin Mary, there is an associative connection between them: as a biologist, Mary is looking for ways to spread life on uninhabited planets. In addition, she is the mother of a boy named Astre, who in the novel is associated with the Person of the Gospel Savior. The semantics of the names of other characters also connects the ideological space of the work with the foundations of the Christian worldview. Thus, consideration of the names of the central characters gives the author the opportunity to show that the onomastic field in terms of anthroponyms is semantically connected with biblical motifs and plots. System analysis leads the author to the conclusion that anthroponyms in the novel create a special semantic space that contributes to a deep understanding of the author's intentions.

  Keywords:

  science fiction, people as gods, anthroponyms, biblical motifs, Christian discourse, apostles of the new faith

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• About N. P. Steinfeld’s Comparative Besermian Dictionary

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 1

  Author:

  Sergey A. Maksimov

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The work is devoted to the study of one of the first written sources representing the Besermian dialect. Such sources are of particular importance, because the problem of the ethnic history of the Besermians is still debatable. In the work the descriptive method and partly the method of etymological analysis were used. In the analysis of the vocabulary material, special attention was paid to the correct reading of words and their interpretation. N. P. Steinfeld did not develop a clear system for transmitting the sounds of the Besermian dialect. However, it seems to us that the confusion in fixing words is primarily a reflection of the pronunciation features that the compiler of the dictionary tried to catch in the process of fixing each word. In some cases, he noticed such features in the speech of the Besermians that eluded even experienced linguists. As for the vocabulary, it should be said that most of the Besermian words have a common Udmurt distribution. The proximity of the Besermian dialect not only to the Northern, but also to the Southern dialect of the Udmurt language is observed. There are few own Besermian lexical units. Among them there are Tatar and Chuvash loanwords that are absent in other dialects. In this source, we have not identified Bulgarisms used only in the Besermian dialect.

  Keywords:

  vocabulary, Steinfeld, written source, Besermians, Besermian dialect, Comparative Besermian Dictionary, word reading, phonetic features, lexical features

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• The image of gypsies in the Chuvash linguistic culture

  Research Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 1

  Authors:

  Eduard V. Fomin, Lilia V. Illarionova

  Work direction:

  World languages and literature

  Abstract:

  The work is devoted to the analysis of the image of gypsies in the Chuvash linguistic culture. In the message, linguoculture is understood as a phenomenon that summarizes all manifestations of culture reflected through language. The study is based on the Chuvash linguistic material, folklore and literary texts, as well as other information related to the gypsies. The study is based on a scientific analysis of the Chuvash speech products marked by the mention of gypsies and is generally retrospective in nature. Nevertheless, the conclusions are still relevant in today’s realities. Gypsies in Chuvashia are a newly-minted ethnic group, to a small extent introduced into its social reality and closed from the outside world. They are not included in the circle of peoples who are in close contact with the Chuvashs, however, they are often mentioned in folklore texts from the positions of ethnocentrism, most of which determine their negative perception. At the same time, the image of gypsies is reflected in Chuvash fiction, and here they are mainly described as positive characters, objectively requiring empathy, if only because they are part of the central characters. Chuvash ideas about gypsies largely correlate with their perception by Russians.

  Keywords:

  ethnography, folklore, Chuvash, gypsies, gypsy studies

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• The role of the Karelian-Finnish epic “Kalevala” in the ethno-cultural education of younger schoolchildren

  Review Article

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 1

  Author:

  Irina V. Komarova

  Work direction:

  Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education

  Abstract:

  The article deals with the issues of ethnocultural education of younger schoolchildren and the features of their solution in the modern information world; the results of an empirical study are presented, showing the insufficiently formed level of knowledge of the culture of the Karelian people by children on the example of the Kalevala epic, the development of which is mandatory in the educational space of the Republic of Karelia; examples of the use of the ideas of the synthesis of arts in the course of creating a choreographic work based on the Kalevala epic have been studied. The work is based on the author's observations of the process of studying the Karelian-Finnish epic “Kalevala” by students of primary school age in the conditions of the city of Petrozavodsk. The main research methods were theoretical analysis and experimental and practical work with an experimental group of younger schoolchildren. The author has studied the possibilities of applying the synthesis of arts in the formation of knowledge about the Kalevala epic. The epos “Kalevala” is included in the national-regional component of the educational program, the implementation of which makes it possible to achieve the tasks of ethno-cultural development and education of schoolchildren. However, in the conditions of multitasking pedagogical practice, forced to respond to all the challenges of the information world, the issues of preserving cultural traditions and transferring ethnocultural experience in the modern world become difficult to solve and depend on the stereotypes formed by modern mass media.

  Keywords:

  junior schoolchildren, ethno-cultural education, synthesis of arts, art object, epic «Kalevala», choreographic work

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• Review of: Lebedev E. E., Rodionov V. G., Semenova I. P., Kasimov E. V. N. I. Ashmarin – the coryphaeus of Chuvash philology. Cheboksary: Chuvash book publishing house, 2020. 270 p

  Review

  

  Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 1

  Author:

  Eduard V. Fomin

  Work direction:

  Reviews and Peer-Reviews

  Abstract:

  Review, abstract, keywords.

  Keywords:

  keywords

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