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List of publications on a keyword: «nation»

  • State support small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation

    Proceeding
    Strategies of Sustainable Development: Social, Law and External-economic Aspects
    Author:
    Elena K. Evdokimova
    Work direction:
    Общие вопросы экономических наук
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the need for state support of small and medium-sized businesses. The problems of development are highlighted, the dynamics of small and medium-sized businesses, the directions of state support are shown
    Keywords:
    national project, development problems, small and medium-sized entrepreneurship, state support for small and medium-sized entrepreneurship
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  • State Research Centers of the Russian Federation is leading components of the nation's technological security

    Proceeding
    Strategies of Sustainable Development: Social, Law and External-economic Aspects
    Author:
    Oksana V. Koval
    Work direction:
    Вопросы социально-экономической эффективности предприятий
    Abstract:
    The article examines the role of scientific organizations and especially the role of State Research Centers of the Russian Federation under current conditions when we need to have own competencies and basic technologies in the most critical sectors of the economy for nation's technological security. The article presents statistical analysis of scientific organizations and Scientific Research Centers of the Russian Federation by the type of scientific activity and departmental affiliation (branches of economy).
    Keywords:
    research, scientific activity, developments, scientific organization, State Research Center of the Russian Federation, basic technologies, monitoring of scientific activity, priorities of scientific and technological development, technological sovereignty, nation's technological security
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  • FOLK TALES AS ONE OF THE MEANS OF YOUTH EDUCATION

    Proceeding
    Socio-Pedagogical Issues of Education and Upbringing
    Authors:
    Baldyrgan E. Alimzhanova, Gulnar T. Omarova
    Work direction:
    Филология в системе образования
    Abstract:
    The article considers one of the priority directions of the society's improvement - the spiritual revival of national traditions. Familiarity with folklore genres is an important means of educating young people. The authors note the diversity of the educational function of toponymic legends and legends.
    Keywords:
    folklore, national culture, ethnopedagogy, legends, toponymic legends, spiritual education
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  • Effektivnye modeli innovatsionnoi deiatel'nosti v sisteme vysshego obrazovaniia dlia podgotovki kadrov v usloviiakh tsifrovizatsii obshchestva: luchshie praktiki raboty federal'nykh innovatsionnykh ploshchadok

    Book Chapter
    Theoretical and practical aspects of pedagogy and psychology
    Authors:
    Tatyana A. Lavina, Anna N. Zakharova, Tat'iana I. Gritskevich
    Work direction:
    Глава 3
    Abstract:
    The chapter of the monograph highlights effective models of innovative activity in the system of higher education for training personnel in the context of the digitalization of society, identified on the basis of an analysis of the best practices of federal innovation platforms. The work was carried out within the framework of the Research and Development Agreement on «Identification of best practices based on the results of an expert evaluation of applications and reports of federal innovation sites» with Financial Expert Systems LLC, Moscow, the operator of the organization of the procedure for evaluating the activities of FIP subjects as part of the execution of the State Contract dated April 25, 2022 of the year No. 05.2022.244.02.003.021 for the performance of works (provision of services) under the project «Information, analytical and technological support for the formation and operation of a network of federal innovation sites in the advanced educational ecosystem of the Russian Federation». The monograph examines the projects of federal innovation platforms of higher education institutions, implemented in the direction of «informatics, digitalization», as well as in other interdisciplinary areas related to the digitalization of society. The paper analyzes the innovative experience of the FIP: ANO VO «Russian New University», FSAEI HE «National Research Nuclear University «MEPhI», FGAEI HE «Sevastopol State University», FGBOU HE «State Academy of Industrial Management named after N.P. Pastukhov, Mari State University, Volgograd State University, Oryol State University named after I.S. Turgenev», ANO VO «University of Innopolis», Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Economic University (RINH)”, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov».
    Keywords:
    best practices, federal innovation platforms, digitalization of education, institutions of higher education, digitalization of society, National project «Digital Economy», National project «Education»
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  • O vozmozhnostiakh i perspektivakh obucheniia nemetskomu iazyku v vysshei shkole

    Book Chapter
    Theoretical and practical aspects of pedagogy and psychology
    Author:
    Galina A. Sokolova
    Work direction:
    Глава 10
    Abstract:
    This chapter deals with the German language and its national variants which are spread in Switzerland and Austria. The work analyzes everyday situations of written and oral communication, emphasizes the important role in mastering the communicative and socio-cultural competencies by future teachers of foreign languages, highlights the importance of introducing the study of the national versions of the German language into the educational process.
    Keywords:
    competence, a foreign language, German, a national version, the Austrian version of the German language, the Swiss version of the German language
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  • Professional'no-tvorcheskaia samorealizatsiia kak tsennostno-tselevoi orientir professional'noi podgotovki spetsialistov sfery kul'tury

    Book Chapter
    Pedagogy and Psychology of Modern Education
    Author:
    Evgeniia E. Gorbunova
    Work direction:
    Глава 3
    Abstract:
    Chapter of the monograph reflects the problems of training specialists of a new creative type, who are distinguished by a high level of professionalism, who are ready for professional and creative self-realization, who have a need for constant professional and personal development and growth. Professional and creative self-realization was not previously considered as a value-target reference point for the professional training of specialists in the field of culture, which makes our study relevant, given the current priorities of higher education. The model of the process of training specialists in the sphere of culture for professional and creative self-realization developed by the author is built in accordance with the logic of a holistic approach in the unity of its internal structure (goal – content – means – result). In the process of implementing the model, a gradual increase in the quality of formation of the studied readiness was carried out. In the system of pedagogical means to form the readiness of specialists for professional and creative self-realization, innovative technologies (playing, projective, creative) are leading. The implementation of these technologies contributed to the acquisition of experience in personal, professional and professional-creative self-realization by future specialists in the field of culture. The special course «Theory and methods of training specialists for professional and creative self-realization» developed by the author is aimed at summarizing and mobilizing the knowledge of a block of general professional and special disciplines, developing special professional abilities (projective, pedagogical, creative) of professional qualities (creativity, general professional competence, competitiveness), as well as the gradual formation of readiness for personal, professional and professional-creative self-realization.
    Keywords:
    professional training, self-realization, value-target reference point, cultural specialist, professional and creative self-realization, readiness for professional and creative self-realization, model of the professional training process, system of pedagogical means of training specialists, projective technologies, creative technologies, means of personal self-determination, means of professional self-development, means of creative self-realization
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  • REGIONALLY ORIENTED ELECTRONIC COURSE IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AS A MEANS OF FORMING THE LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL COMPETENCE OF INOPHONE CHILDREN

    Book Chapter
    Pedagogy and Psychology of Modern Education
    Authors:
    Anastasiia A. Elizarova, Anastasia V. Koreneva
    Work direction:
    Глава 10
    Abstract:
    In the chapter of the monograph justifies the need to use a regionally oriented e-course as a means of additional education in teaching the Russian language in a multi-ethnic environment. Based on the results of the survey of teachers working in polynational classes, the problems of teaching the Russian language of Inophone children in schools in the Murmansk region were identified. A brief overview of Internet resources allowing to improve knowledge and skills in the Russian language is presented. The structure and content of the author's regionally oriented e-course are described, which includes materials that can demonstrate the specifics of the Kola North, its linguistic and cultural characteristics. It is argued that such a course will not only allow developing the linguistic and linguoculturalist competence of Inophone children, but will also contribute to a more successful socio-language adaptation of students.
    Keywords:
    Internet resources, polynational classes, polyethnic environment, children-inophones, Russian language as non-native, linguoculturalist competence, electronic course
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  • ON THE USE OF A LITERARY TEXT IN TEACHING FOREIGN MEDICAL STUDENTS

    Proceeding
    Socio-Pedagogical Issues of Education and Upbringing
    Author:
    Larisa V. Balakireva
    Work direction:
    Теория и методика обучения и воспитания
    Abstract:
    This article considers the issues related to the use of authentic texts in classes of Russian as a foreign language at a non-language university. Reading of literary texts helps foreign students to understand better the cultural and country-specific contents and to practice their knowledge more effectively. The author points out the problems encountered in teaching foreign students, which are solved by using literary texts in classes of Russian as a foreign language.
    Keywords:
    literary text, international students, authentic text, adapted text, verbal communication
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  • PROBLEMS OF DETERMINING THE LEGAL STATUS OF A PARTICIPANT IN A PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANY IN DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION

    Proceeding
    Law, Economics and Management
    Author:
    Iuliia O. Goncharova
    Work direction:
    Международное право
    Abstract:
    The article discusses issues related to the legal status of employees of private military companies, analyzes the distinction between private military companies and mercenary military organizations. The author explores the reasons for the growing popularity of private paramilitary enterprises in the modern world, determines the ratio of domestic and international legislation on the activities of private military companies.
    Keywords:
    criminal war crimes, mercenary, private military company, legal liability, international conflicts, military conflicts
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  • DEFECTIVE LEGAL FACT AS A PHENOMENON IN THE THEORY OF LAW

    Proceeding
    Law, Economics and Management
    Author:
    Anna N. Vorobeva
    Work direction:
    Актуальные вопросы юриспруденции
    Abstract:
    The correct selection of elements in the legal composition is the most important part of the problem of choosing the most optimal option for regulating public relations. One of the negative aspects of the implementation of legal regulations is often defective legal facts or compositions that prevent the further implementation of the legal relationship or entail other negative consequences in the legal system. This article examines the significance of defective facts in the mechanism of legal regulation, determines their negative role in destabilizing the operation of legal norms, in failures of the law enforcement process, in violation of the rights and legitimate interests of participants in public relations. The author explores the causes of defective legal facts, analyzes ways to overcome regulatory defectiveness.
    Keywords:
    legal regulation, theory of law, legal fact, defect, legal errors, legal consequences, grounds and causes of defects, ways of elimination
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  • About Modern Factors of Yakut Identity at the Turn of the XX–XXI Centuries

    Review Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 3
    Author:
    Daria G. Bragina
    Work direction:
    Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology
    Abstract:
    In the conditions of the historically established ethnic diversity in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the complex development of market relations and the strengthening of the role of the ethnic factor, the problems of ethno-social adaptation of the indigenous population arises. The purpose of the article is to study the structure of a person's self-identification and to research various forms of identity such as ethno-cultural, linguistic and ethnic. One of the main sources for studying the problems of ethnicity was both various statistical materials, data from an ethno-sociological survey, and field ethnographic materials obtained by the author of the article in the course of expeditionary and stationary work in the uluses of the republic over the last quarter of the XX century – the beginning of the XXI century. When writing the work, the author applied both methods of field research in order to collect initial material, as well as theoretical and methodological ones. The article concludes that if there is a problem with the functioning of the Yakut language and its loss by a part of the urban Yakut population, it does not lead to the loss of Yakut identity. On the contrary, partly the loss of their native language by people of Yakut nationality, as it turned out, leads to the strengthening of their ethno-cultural identity. The dynamic of the number of Yakuts shows that the ethnic factor plays an important role in the identification of a person. The results of the work confirm the thesis that ethnicity, compensating for the weakening of civic identity, becomes a defining stratifying category, acquiring the ethnopolitical rank. In general, despite the influence of various factors, the materials of ethno-sociological studies in Yakutia showed a high degree of manifestation of both ethnic and ethno-cultural identity, and partly linguistic.
    Keywords:
    ethnic identity, national identity, ethno-cultural identity, linguistic identity, ethnic tolerance
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  • Review on: Tagirova L. F. (2011). Cantonal Chiefs of Bashkiria: The National Regional Elite of the First Half of the XIX century, 164

    Review
    Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 3
    Author:
    Elena V. Godovova
    Work direction:
    Reviews and Peer-Reviews
    Abstract:
    A review of the monograph by Ufa historian L. F. Tagirova "Cantonal chiefs of Bashkiria: the national regional elite of the first half of the nineteenth century", published in Ufa in 2011, is presented. The author raised an urgent topic related to the study of social national leaders, namely cantonal chiefs of Bashkiria, their incorporation into state authorities structures. Conceptually, this study can become a model for the study of national regional elites of various territories or become the basis for comparative studies.
    Keywords:
    Bashkiria, Tagirova, cantonal system, cantonal chiefs, national regional elite
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  • Experience in the Formation of Interethnic Relations among Students

    Review Article
    Development of education Volume 5 No 3
    Authors:
    Natalya N. Dobrynina, Olga G. Barashkova
    Work direction:
    Practice
    Abstract:
    In the article, the authors present a positive experience of working with students, aimed at creating a culture of interethnic relations among young people. The materials and methods of the study were examples of the organization of students' activities aimed at fostering values traditional for the Russian multinational culture, interethnic friendship. The student sphere, in which various attitudes of students develop in the context of interethnic and interethnic interaction. The results of the study and their discussion: activities are identified, the focus of which is shifted to the support and preservation of the Russian language. Organization of literary evenings dedicated to the life and work of Russian poets and writers. In the article, the authors gave an example of the organization of a volunteer detachment. Students actively participate in charitable events in the city of Kostroma (manufacturing of souvenirs, providing hairdressing services to vulnerable segments of the population, concert activities). Based on the study, the following conclusions can be drawn: the educational organization implements projects and activities aimed at forming a respectful attitude of young people towards the older generation, towards representatives of other nationalities and religions, the formation of an active life position, assistance, successful socialization.
    Keywords:
    culture, student environment, harmonization of interethnic relations, implementation of events, national traditions
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  • Influence of Intrapersonal Conflict on Professional self-definition of Students of Non-government Universities

    Book Chapter
    Pedagogy and Psychology as Sciences for the Formation of the Potential of Modern Society
    Author:
    Viktoriia R. Sagitova
    Work direction:
    Глава 8
    Abstract:
    In this chapter a theoretical analysis of the concepts of professional self-determination, intrapersonal conflict is carried out. The positions of domestic and foreign authors on the problem stated in the title of the article are given. In addition, when using test methods, a study of students of non-state universities was conducted in order to identify the impact of intrapersonal conflict on professional self-determination. The result of this work was the confirmation of the hypothesis about the influence of intrapersonal conflict on professional self-determination and professional formation of students.
    Keywords:
    Professional self-determination, interpersonal conflicts, intrapersonal conflicts
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  • Psychological and Pedagogical Features of the Development of the Imagination of Primary School Students in Visual Activity

    Book Chapter
    Pedagogy and Psychology as Sciences for the Formation of the Potential of Modern Society
    Author:
    Irina N. Polynskaya
    Work direction:
    Глава 11
    Abstract:
    The relevance of the study is due to the problem of developing creative abilities and the formation of imagination in the process of visual activity of primary school students. The chapter deals with the main psychological and pedagogical processes of the formation of the imagination of children aged 7–9 years at the lessons of fine arts in the process of artistic and creative activity. The development of creative abilities is one of the key tasks of modern education. Imagination helps the child to better understand the world around him, easier and more successfully solve the educational problems that arise in front of him.
    Keywords:
    schoolchildren, education, creativity, lesson, imagination, learning process, visual activity
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  • Ethno-cultural Night Festival "Open Your Heart to the World!" in Multicultural Education of Students

    Research Article
    Development of education Volume 5 No 2
    Authors:
    Natalia A. Kornilova, Yana G. Semenova, Svetlana N. Fyodorova
    Work direction:
    Practice
    Abstract:
    The purpose of the article is to describe the experience of Night Fest «Open your heart to the world» at Mari State University. Representatives from 35 countries of the world study here: Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, India, Comoros, Kyrgyzstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Sudan, Tatarstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Ukraine and others. Therefore, the university pays much attention to use various methods and forms of work in multicultural education of students. Research material. The main source of research is the experience of conducting ethno-cultural festival with students of different countries in the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Mari State University. The results of the research and their discussion: the specifics of organizing the festival Night Fest of national cultures «Open your heart to the world» on the basis of FSBEI of HE «Mari State University» are analyzed, the step-by-step organization of the festival with reflection of separate components of national cultures (national games, national costume, national song, national dance and national dish) is presented, the conclusions are made about the importance of national culture, customs and traditions of the people in revealing the talents of students in building a single space of personal development through various activities that contribute to the assimilation of knowledge about the peculiarities of different cultures, different behavioral norms, the ability to build relationships with representatives of other cultures.
    Keywords:
    students, national culture, Night fest, festival, ethnic festival, intercultural interaction
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  • The Book Chamber of the Chuvash Republic as the Custodian of the Writing and Ethnic Culture

    Review Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 2
    Author:
    Tikhon S. Sergeev
    Work direction:
    Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology
    Abstract:
    The article reveals the history of the creation and main functions of the Book Chamber of the Chuvash Republic (in 2000–2012 – the State Press Archive), which in 2013 became part of the National Library of the Chuvash Republic. The purpose of the article is to reveal the significance of the Book Chamber of the Chuvash Republic as the main center for collecting and storing printed materials about Chuvashia and the Chuvash people, regardless of the place of publication. On the basis of the chronological method, the role of printed materials in the Chuvash language in the preservation of the ethnic culture of the titular people has been studied. It was revealed that the Book Chambers as institutions with a special legal regime existed in 5 points of the Russian Federation: in Moscow, in the republics of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Chuvashia and Karelia. Their funds were used in scientific and publishing developments, preparation of materials for publication and for reprints. At present, the main activities of the Department of the Book Chamber are the acquisition, accounting and preservation of the fund of printed documents; state registration of printed documents in the Chuvash Republic, preparation of state bibliographic and statistical information; information and bibliographic services for users; methodological support of editorial and publishing activities of the mass media, publishing and printing enterprises of the republic; creation of a bibliographic database of articles «Chuvashik»; preparation and publication of the state bibliographic index «Chronicle of the press of the Chuvash Republic».
    Keywords:
    book, state language, press, newspaper, magazine, fund, documents, storage, Book Chamber, State Press Archive, National Library, ethnoculture
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  • Patriotism in the Personality of a Service Member of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

    Proceeding
    Psychology of Personal Interaction in Modern Society
    Author:
    Svetlana I. Mishina
    Work direction:
    Факторы риска и благополучия развития личности в современном обществе
    Abstract:
    The article defines patriotism, which is considered in the personality of a service member as a feeling based on moral and spiritual values, which has the quality of consolidation, ensures standby for patriotic actions in the interest of national security of the Russian Federation.
    Keywords:
    personality, patriotism, national security, officer, service member, Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
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  • Diplomatic privileges and immunities

    Theses of Report
    Days of Student Science
    Authors:
    Milana Z. Gabidullina, Alsu N. Bydantseva
    Work direction:
    Современные гуманитарные науки и проблемы языкознания
    Abstract:
    Nowadays, the issue of international diplomatic cooperation is becoming particularly relevant. The countries are conducting a joint economy, solving political and military issues. In this regard, in the vast majority of countries, a number of States have diplomatic missions – a foreign authority of external relations of the State that established it, determined on the basis of mutual agreement between States. The author sees the purpose in revealing this topic for the general awareness of readers about issues of international and diplomatic law. Also, this article can be used as an educational material for students studying international law, given that a limited amount of information on this topic is provided in Russian-language sources. Moreover, the most up-to-date and reliable data on issues of diplomatic privileges and immunities will be collected here.
    Keywords:
    international law, diplomat, diplomatic privileges, diplomatic immunity, diplomatic law
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  • WOMEN AS ARBITRATORS IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL DISPUTES: BARRIERS AND STATISTICS

    Proceeding
    Days of Student Science
    Authors:
    Dinara R. Ibragimova, Liliia R. Nurova
    Work direction:
    Современные гуманитарные науки и проблемы языкознания
    Abstract:
    The article considers the barriers for women to become arbitrators in international arbitral disputes and statistics from different arbitration institutions.
    Keywords:
    statistics, international law, women, diversity, arbitration
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  • Comparative analysis of rules on conclusion of commercial contracts. Russian Civil Code and The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods

    Theses of Report
    Days of Student Science
    Authors:
    Artur N. Khakimov, Liliia R. Nurova
    Work direction:
    Актуальные проблемы юридической науки и практики
    Abstract:
    This article deals with comparative analysis of rules on formation of commercial contracts under Russian Civil Code and The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. This article covers conclusion of commercial contracts by means of offer and acceptance including acceptance by conduct. The article also illustrates the issue of form of commercial contracts.
    Keywords:
    civil law, International private law, commercial law, contract law, conclusion of contracts
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  • FEATURES OF CONDUCTING A FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CURRENT LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

    Proceeding
    Law, Economics and Management
    Authors:
    Roman I. Smirnov, Anastasiia A. Chavgun
    Work direction:
    Уголовный процесс и криминалистика
    Abstract:
    This article analyzes the features of the appointment and conduct of the examination at the stage of preliminary investigation and at the stage of trial by the court of first instance; the authors examine the content of the expert's opinion, consider the conditions under which the expert has the right to go beyond the subject of the examination.
    Keywords:
    crime, evidence, investigator, forensic examination, expert, criminal process, expert institution
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  • Otsenka potentsiala turistskogo kompleksa regiona kak instrument diagnostiki effektivnosti upravleniia biznes-protsessami i informatsionnymi tekhnologiiami

    Book Chapter
    Strategies of Sustainable Development: External-economic, Law and Social Aspects
    Authors:
    Olga K. Lukhovskaia, Svetlana V. Beliaeva, Tat'iana S. Kochetkova, Viacheslav K. Plisov
    Work direction:
    Глава 11
    Abstract:
    The research is based on the methodology of assessing the potential of the tourist complex of the region. The application of the methodology made it possible to conduct a qualitative expert assessment of the reproduction of the tourist resources of the region on the example of the Ivanovo region, a single destination. SWOT analysis was chosen as the main method, which made it possible to conduct a comprehensive strategic analysis of the industry and its external environment. The assessment of the potential of the tourist complex is aimed at identifying the most promising tourist destinations in the region and the formation of information resources in tourism.
    Keywords:
    market, region, SWOT-analysis, resources, tourism potential, complex, destination, factor analysis, information resources in the tourism industry
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  • Upbringing, Additional Education and Professional Orientation as the Most Important Elements of Modern Education

    Book Chapter
    Principles of the New Ecosystem Formation: Multicultural Space
    Author:
    Sergei L. Danilchenko
    Work direction:
    Глава 11
    Abstract:
    In the chapter of the monograph, upbringing, additional education and professional orientation of Russian schoolchildren is considered as an activity aimed at personal development through the creation of conditions for self-determination and socialization of the student on the basis of traditional socio-cultural, spiritual and moral values and modern educational technologies.
    Keywords:
    individual educational route, personal education, system of additional education, professional self-determination of schoolchildren, full-time school
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  • World Practice of Tourism Development in the Context of Technological Transformations

    Book Chapter
    The Influence of Creative Industries on the Russian Economy: Service, Hospitality, Advertising and Others
    Authors:
    Konstantin K. Levchenko, Tat'iana P. Levchenko
    Work direction:
    Глава 5
    Abstract:
    Currently, tourism is a backbone of the economy, and together with its associated sectors, it effectively combines many activities for global economic development. According to UNWTO data, tourism forms national competitive advantages and accounts for almost 11% of world GDP, introduces more than 4 trillion dollars into turnover, and for a number of countries, revenues from the tourism industry correspond to the basis in the country's budget. Currently, tourism is developing in the context of a deep crisis associated with the pandemic and the emergence of new strains of COVID-19, as well as with measures of external sanctions pressure caused by global political processes, which led to the need to revise traditional approaches to the leading tourism sectors – inbound and outbound, and in particular, international. International tourism has been largely affected by the coronavirus, as demand for services, the largest sources of foreign exchange earnings, has sharply decreased. The research problems are based on methodological approaches reflecting the issues of active transformation of global processes of world practice in the development of the tourism industry and its most important sectors. Technological and digital transformations are considered as key factors in the development of tourism. Possible trajectories of further tourism development are scientifically justified – transactional and infrastructural.
    Keywords:
    factors, China, technological transformations, types of transformations, international tourism, the experience of Singapore, digital transformations, transactional and infrastructure development trajectories
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