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List of publications on a keyword: «era»

  • A model of psychological and pedagogical partnership between family and preschool educational organization in the context of social transformations.

    Conference Paper
    Sormovo Readings - 2026: vectors of education development: practices, quality, prospects
    Authors:
    Elena N. Azletskaia, Iuliia V. Fadeeva
    Work direction:
    Родительство XXI века: тенденции, ресурсы и педагогическое партнерство
    Abstract:
    This article examines the pressing issue of transforming interactions between families and preschool educational institutions in the context of digitalization and social uncertainty. The authors explore the phenomenon of increasing parental control and resource constraints in modern families, which conflict with growing demands on adult educational competence. The study focuses on the methodological gap between the current challenges of "late modernity" and traditional asymmetrical models of informing parents, which fail to adequately coordinate educational strategies. The study utilizes conceptual modeling, narrative-integrative review, and content analysis of scientific sources. Systems, activity-based, and resource-based approaches were employed to synthesize theoretical data into a unified structural and functional model. Particular attention is given to the method of theoretical synthesis for classifying family resources: material, human, social, temporal, information-digital, and
    Keywords:
    organization of preschool education, Psychological and pedagogical partnership, family resources, transformation of society, interaction of subjects, digital socialization, parental competence, preschool childhood
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  • Autism spectrum disorders: the risk of adolescent involvement in sects and radical groups

    Conference Paper
    Sormovo Readings - 2026: vectors of education development: practices, quality, prospects
    Authors:
    Dina P. Kovaliova, Ekatkrina V. Ishkova, Diana S. Kamenskaia, Mariia V. Savelova, Viktoriia S. Spilnik
    Work direction:
    Безопасная и развивающая среда: психологическое благополучие, воспитание и цифровые вызовы
    Abstract:
    This article explores the vulnerability of individuals with autism spectrum disorders to involvement in cults and radical groups. It analyzes the key characteristics of cults and radical groups, as well as the characteristics of ASD that shape their unique risk profile. It describes the transformation of classical mind control methods as applied to individuals with ASD. Based on this analysis, a set of practical recommendations for parents, psychologists, and educators on preventing destructive influences has been developed.
    Keywords:
    adolescents, prevention, social isolation, vulnerability, People with autism spectrum disorders, destructive sect, radical groups
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  • Developing financial literacy among 7th grade students through extracurricular mathematics activities

    Conference Paper
    Modern educational process: psychological and pedagogical support, educational strategies
    Authors:
    Svetlana A. Turova, Olga A. Tarasova
    Work direction:
    Специфика предметного содержания обучения математике и информатике в современных условиях
    Abstract:
    The article discusses the problem of developing financial literacy among secondary school students in the context of implementing updated federal state educational standards. It analyzes various approaches to defining the concept of "financial literacy" and suggests methods for its development within extracurricular activities.
    Keywords:
    extracurricular activities, mathematics, and financial literacy
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  • Coordination of movements when performing the 'boomerang' element with the ribbon by the leg in synergy with a forward roll in rhythmic gymnastics

    Conference Paper
    Technopark of universal pedagogical competencies
    Author:
    Viktoriia N. Markhakshinova
    Work direction:
    Теория и методика физического воспитания, спортивной тренировки, оздоровительной и адаптивной физической культуры
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the analysis of the coordination structure of one of the most technically complex elements in rhythmic gymnastics — the ribbon 'boomerang' performed with the leg in combination with a forward roll. The element is considered as an integral model of movement control, where the acrobatic displacement of the body, the striking action of the lower limb, and the kinesthetic control of the apparatus must be synchronized within a single space-time continuum. A key feature of the element has been identified: the formation of an asymmetric two-link control system, in which the throwing function (impulse and direction) is delegated to the leg, while the function of ensuring the return (control and pull-back) remains with the opposite hand. This is confirmed by the lack of correlation between the kinematic parameters of the upper and lower limbs. Based on biomechanical data, critical control points and optimal ranges of kinematic parameters have been identified.
    Keywords:
    rhythmic gymnastics, ribbon boomerang, kinematic analysis, synchronization, forward roll
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  • The role of a coach-competent mentor in the formation of a novice expert's professional identity: empirical research in a coach support program

    Conference Paper
    Coaching psychology: methodology, theory, practice. Evidence-based approach
    Author:
    Ol'ga N. Smol'nikova
    Work direction:
    Коучинг в образовании, наставничестве и работе с подростками
    Abstract:
    This article examines the role of a coach-competent mentor in the professional development of helping professionals (coaches, psychologists, and consultants). It presents the mentoring model of the Federation of Professional Coaches and Mentors, which integrates expert, pedagogical, and coaching functions. Based on qualitative observations conducted as part of the "Mentor for a Coach: From Start to Paid Clients" support program, it analyzes how the application of coaching competencies influences the development of a novice expert's professional identity. It concludes that a coach-competent mentor facilitates the transition from a state of uncertainty and a demand for ready-made algorithms to a conscious identity and sustainability in practice.
    Keywords:
    self-determination, professional identity, impostor syndrome, helping professions, coach-competent mentor, mentoring model of the Federation of Professional Coaches and Mentors
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  • Theoretical Aspects of Readiness for Professional Service

    Conference Paper
    Relevant problems of modern science and education
    Authors:
    Viktor A. Toropov, Aleksandr V. Nikishkin, Sergei V. Nikishov
    Work direction:
    Инновационный опыт в науке и образовании в современном обществе
    Abstract:
    In this article, the authors examined the concept of "readiness for professional activity," which includes the following components: moral, political, psychological, professional, and physical preparedness. It is emphasized that the combat readiness of military personnel can only be ensured if they are sufficiently prepared for this activity in all respects.
    Keywords:
    general readiness, readiness for professional activity, components of readiness, theories and concepts, and combat readiness
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  • Artistic texts with image-enhancing tasks-inserts in the teaching of schoolchildren

    Conference Paper
    Relevant problems of modern science and education
    Author:
    Svetlana V. Lebedeva
    Work direction:
    Современные подходы в образовании и воспитании
    Abstract:
    Статья посвящена художественным текстам с математическими задачами-вставками, подробно рассмотрен один из видов задач – дополняющие образы задачи-вставки. Выделены подвиды таких задач, выявлены их специфические особенности и образовательные возможности. Указаны некоторые аспекты организации деятельности учащихся по художественному анализу текста с дополняющей образ задачей-вставкой; заявлено дальнейшее направление исследования.
    Keywords:
    education of schoolchildren, mathematics and literature, a means of teaching, an artistic text with a mathematical component, а task-insert, an image-enhancing task-insert
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  • Nastavnichestvo kak effektivnaia forma sotrudnichestva pedagogov

    Conference Paper
    Relevant problems of modern science and education
    Authors:
    Irina G. Gerasimova, Iuliia V. Alekseeva, Irina N. Marchenko
    Work direction:
    Современные подходы в образовании и воспитании
    Abstract:
    The article presents the experience of implementing a mentoring system at Secondary School No. 38 in Cheboksary, aimed at the professional development of young teachers and the strengthening of the teaching staff.
    Keywords:
    team building, mentoring, teaching staff, professional growth, and upbringing of the younger generation
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  • «Особенности применения цифровых образовательных ресурсов в начальных классах»

    Conference Paper
    Relevant problems of modern science and education
    Authors:
    Valeriia A. Baraniukova, Natalia O. Gordeeva
    Work direction:
    Влияние цифровизации, искусственного интеллекта, социальных сетей на все сферы жизни человека
    Abstract:
    The advantages of using DER, such as the activation of perception, the increase of motivation and the individualization of learning, are considered. At the same time, the potential risks associated with the dependence on external stimuli, the deterioration of concentration and the negative impact on the physical health of children are outlined. A list of key recommendations for the effective implementation of DER in the educational process is given, aimed at maintaining a balance between traditional teaching methods and modern digital tools.
    Keywords:
    motivation, information technologies, Pedagogy, interactive methods, elementary school, psychophysiology, individual differences, Digital educational resources (DER), visual-figurative thinking, concentration of attention, optimal use, protection of vision, improvement of learning, effective learning strategies
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  • Literature Reading Lessons as a Means of Patriotic Education for Primary School Children

    Conference Paper
    The development of modern education in the context of educational competence
    Authors:
    El'za A. Airiian, Arevik E. Shirvanian
    Work direction:
    Современные подходы в обучении и воспитании
    Abstract:
    The article reveals the features of patriotic education of primary school children, identifies the pedagogical potential of literary reading lessons in the patriotic education of primary school students, and presents effective methods and techniques of patriotic education of primary school children through literary reading lessons.
    Keywords:
    patriotism, literary reading, patriotic education, and a work of fiction
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  • The agricultural sector of the Central Federal District economy: dynamics and shifts in regional development levels

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Authors:
    Iuliia I. Shmidt, Liubov I. Soldatova, Anna A. Kuzmitskaia
    Work direction:
    Глава 6
    Abstract:
    This chapter presents the results of a study on the dynamics of agricultural development in the regions of the Central Federal District (CFD) over the period 2010–2024. It was found that the observed growth in gross agricultural output and the increase in production volumes of certain types of agricultural products were shaped by multidirectional structural shifts. Against the backdrop of minor negative changes in the structure of sown areas and livestock populations, a sustained positive trend in increasing the productivity of crops and animals was identified as a compensatory factor. The value of gross output per hectare of agricultural land was selected as an integral indicator of the level of agricultural development in the regions. A ranking of the CFD subjects based on this indicator recorded positive dynamics, expressed in the transition of several regions from the category of low development level to groups with medium and high development levels. As of the end of 2024, 8 regions were classified in the high development level group, and another 8 regions in the medium level group. Only one region remained in the low development level group; however, it possesses potential for further growth provided that the authorities implement an effective structural policy aimed at strengthening food security through state support mechanisms.
    Keywords:
    regions, Central Federal District, structural differences, The agricultural sector of the economy, shift, structural shift index, rate of structural shift, gross output, acreage, crop yields, livestock, animal productivity, level of agricultural development
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  • New logistics opportunities: project management potential

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Author:
    Vladimir N. Kruglov
    Work direction:
    Глава 10
    Abstract:
    In the theoretical part of the chapter, the basic concepts of program-targeted management of socio-economic processes of territorial development are given and developed. The epistemological roots of the emergence and modification of this tool are identified, and modern typologies of project management structures and algorithms are presented, taking into account situational conditions. In the empirical part, specific conditions are considered that accompany the dynamics of the development of project management by the Kaluga Region State Unitary Enterprise Kalugadorkazachik in planning and ensuring the implementation of the Safe and High-Quality Roads national project in the region. It is the quality of infrastructure that largely determines the standard of living of the population, the investment attractiveness and the volume of financial (as well as other) assets, and the diversification of the real sectors of the regional (municipal) economy. Therefore, the interest in innovative updates to the program and target support, the use of unused reserves, and intensification is quite natural. In this regard, the experience of the Kaluga Region can serve as a standard for the further development of many other regions of the Russian Federation.
    Keywords:
    project, management, methodology, program, resource provision, regional and national levels, points of economic growth, road construction industry, interdepartmental cooperation, and integration
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  • The evolution of the Lawyer's image in 2024-2026: from classical archetypes to digital identity and AI communications

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Author:
    Aleksandr I. Kugai
    Work direction:
    Глава 17
    Abstract:
    This chapter examines the complex transformation of the professional image of lawyers in the context of the total digitalization and media coverage of the legal environment in 2024–2026. The author analyzes the impact of digital communications, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, and the publicity of legal proceedings on reputation formation and the effectiveness of legal defense. Historical and cultural archetypes of the lawyer's image in fiction and cinema are examined, paralleling them with modern demands for flexibility, mobility, and moral choice. Particular attention is paid to the «Pyramid of Meanings» and nonverbal aspects of communication (body language), which remain critical in the era of AI dominance. Case studies from recent years demonstrate how impression management and digital reputation are becoming tangible factors influencing the outcomes of high-profile court cases.
    Keywords:
    justice, case study, reputation, body language, lawyer image, digital communication, brand, media coverage
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  • ARCHITECTURE OF POST-HEROIC CONSCIOUSNESS: METACOGNITIVE SYNTHESIS IN THE ERA OF COLLECTIVE INDIVIDUATION AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL TRANSITION

    Book Chapter
    Pedagogy and psychology as sciences of building the potential of modern society
    Author:
    Svetlana A. Pavlenko
    Work direction:
    Глава 5
    Abstract:
    The chapter examines the phenomenon of the transition of the individual from the completed paradigm of the «Hero's Path», focused on achievement and overcoming, to the paradigm of the «Being of the Creator», where the architecture of consciousness, peace and metacognitive self-regulation become the main value. On the basis of an interdisciplinary analysis, it is proved that the global upheavals of the 20s of the XXI century (pandemic, geopolitical and economic crises) provoked the process of collective individuation, accompanied by cognitive-emotional exhaustion, the phenomenon of «success fatigue» and the need for a new ethic. The emergence of a new social demand for helping practices of an evolutionary, rather than healing, type is substantiated. The concept of the «architect of consciousness» is proposed as a logical continuation of therapy and coaching to work with the request for building a new pyramid of values and neurolinguistic meanings.
    Keywords:
    metacognitive processes, existential crisis, post-heroic consciousness, collective individuation, architecture of consciousness, anthropological transition, neurophysiology of transformation, ethics of the new era
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  • Features of the use of interactive teaching methods in solving situational (economic) problems

    Book Chapter
    Pedagogy and psychology as sciences of building the potential of modern society
    Author:
    Oksana M. Komarova
    Work direction:
    Глава 8
    Abstract:
    The chapter considers the features and effectiveness of the practical application of interactive teaching methods in the process of ensuring the solution of situational economic problems and the formation of quality education. The subject of the study is the process of using interactive forms and methods of teaching (interactive technology) when conducting classes in a cycle of economic disciplines. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific techniques and approaches supplemented by the principle of epistemological pessimism and the method of system-structured analysis. The author pays special attention to the description of the advantages of using various methods and forms of organizing classes implemented using interactive learning technology to solve situational economic problems and study economic disciplines of the professional cycle. The chapter may be useful to teachers, methodologists and other specialists of educational organizations engaged in the adjustment of educational programs and the development of the structure and content of professional competencies that take into account the requirements of employers to modern personnel.
    Keywords:
    competence approach, system-activity approach, innovative pedagogical model, interactive learning technology
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  • CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS: EXPERIENCE IN TRAINING CHINESE VOCALISTS IN THE RUSSIAN PEDAGOGICAL TRADITION

    Conference Paper
    Socio-Pedagogical Issues of Education and Upbringing
    Author:
    Tsze U
    Work direction:
    Содержание и технологии профессионального образования
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the study of the process of cross-cultural adaptation of educational programs of the vocal profile in the training of Chinese students in Russian pedagogical universities. The multilevel structure of intercultural interaction is considered, including linguistic, methodological, physiological and cultural-aesthetic components. The language barriers of articulation nature, caused by the phonetic features of the Chinese language, are analyzed. The directions of adaptation of the Russian vocal school are characterized, taking into account the specifics of the students’ vocal apparatus. The productivity of the integrative approach, combining the Russian academic tradition and Chinese musical aesthetics, is substantiated.
    Keywords:
    foreign students, pedagogical education, intercultural interaction, music, Chinese students, vocal education, cross-cultural adaptation, Russian vocal school, professional competence of a vocalist, academic singing
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  • On the issue of developing and using an interactive calendar of mathematical events in teaching mathematics to students in grades 7-9

    Conference Paper
    Socio-Pedagogical Issues of Education and Upbringing
    Authors:
    Mikhail A. Zabaznov, Tatiana K. Smykovskaia
    Work direction:
    Теория и методика обучения и воспитания
    Abstract:
    The article discusses the development and use of an interactive calendar of mathematical events in mathematics lessons and extracurricular activities on the subject. It is noted that the interactive calendar of mathematical events plays a crucial role in the mathematical education of students in grades 7-9 in the digital educational environment of the school. It not only makes the learning process more exciting and interesting, but also contributes to the humanization of mathematical education and involvement in the process of learning about the world. The authors define the basic requirements for the development of an interactive calendar of mathematical events.
    Keywords:
    interactivity, teaching mathematics, interaction, interactive calendar, mathematical event, digital network resource
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  • Problems and Prospects of Developing and Improving Physical Culture in Educational Institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

    Conference Paper
    Socio-Pedagogical Issues of Education and Upbringing
    Authors:
    Viktor A. Toropov, Aleksandr V. Nikishkin, Sergei V. Nikishov
    Work direction:
    Теория и методика физического воспитания, спортивной тренировки, оздоровительной и адаптивной физической культуры
    Abstract:
    In this article, the authors examined the issue of developing and improving the level of physical fitness of cadets and students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, as well as the pedagogical system of organizing physical education to enhance their professional skills in order to successfully perform operational and service tasks.
    Keywords:
    physical culture, applied skills, improvement concepts, operational and service activities, pedagogical training system
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  • Tolerance as an implicit result of the inclusive process: a theoretical aspect

    Conference Paper
    Socio-Pedagogical Issues of Education and Upbringing
    Authors:
    Vera V. Opal'nitskaia, Marina V. Piriazeva
    Work direction:
    Инклюзивное образование как ресурс создания толерантной среды
    Abstract:
    Abstract:This articles devoted to a theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of tolerance as an implicit result of inclusive processes..The relevance of this article stems from the growing need for effective integration of diverse social groups.In this context, the very concept of tolerance as undergoing a fundamental rethinking: It is increasingly viewed not as a static level of acceptance of differences, but as a dynamic, contextual phenomenon that changes depending on social conditions and interactions.
    Keywords:
    inclusive education, interaction, tolerance, dialogue, upbringing, inclusive process, practice of equal participation
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  • Policies to reduce inequality and the role of insurance in social stability

    Conference Paper
    The socio-economic landscape of the region: people and digital transformation
    Author:
    Marina V. Ilindeeva
    Work direction:
    Финансовые технологии (FinTech) и трансформация банковско-страхового сектора
    Abstract:
    The article explores the complex relationship between the growing economic inequality in Russia and the transformation of the insurance market. It reveals that high-income groups actively use tools such as comprehensive life insurance, investment products, and medical insurance. The author argues that the market is responding to the growing economic inequality by polarizing offerings, creating an "insurance gap." To address this issue, the article proposes modernizing the social protection system by introducing incentives for insurance coverage for low-income individuals and developing digital platforms to enhance financial literacy.
    Keywords:
    economic inequality, the insurance market, insurance availability, and financial literacy
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  • The "Dark Side" of Data: New Risks and the Perspectives of Generation Z in Krasnoyarsk

    Conference Paper
    The socio-economic landscape of the region: people and digital transformation
    Authors:
    Elina K. Kyialbekova, Anna V. Gubanova
    Work direction:
    Технологическое ядро: инфраструктура, данные и кибербезопасность
    Abstract:
    This article explores the "dark side" of digital transformation, examining risks such as cyberthreats, algorithmic bias, and digital dependency. A student survey revealed a critical gap between the sophistication of technological threats and the digital naivety of Generation Z, which poses serious reputational and ethical risks for businesses. It concludes that integrating digital risk management into corporate strategy is essential, including developing transparency and algorithmic literacy. It argues that responsible data and AI governance is becoming a new source of competitive advantage and trust in the digital economy.
    Keywords:
    digital transformation, Generation Z, cybersecurity, corporate risks, algorithmic literacy
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  • Soft Skills in the Professional Activity of a Teacher and Their Component Composition

    Review Article
    Development of education Volume 9 No 1
    Author:
    Svetlana G. Krasnova
    Work direction:
    Pedagogy and Modern Education
    Abstract:
    The article deals with the problem of developing teachers' soft skills and their application in the educational process. Modern teachers face the need to quickly adapt to new conditions of professional activity, effectively interact with participants in the educational process, demonstrate leadership qualities and creativity, and solve non-standard problems. The requirements for a teacher's professional competence bring to the forefront the use of a set of universal skills known as “soft skills”. The aim of the research is to clarify the concept of “soft skills”, determine their component composition, and identify the specifics of their use in the educational process, which facilitates effective interaction with both students and other participants in educational relations. It is important to apply an approach where the teacher serves as a role model and mentor, and the educational process becomes an environment for developing skills such as communication, critical thinking, empathy, creativity, etc. The article identifies a group of soft skills relevant for teachers in general education institutions and provides their characteristics. Special attention is given to digital literacy as a prerequisite for the safe and effective use of digital technologies. Based on the analysis, effective soft skills development methods were identified, including the implementation of psychological and pedagogical programs for teachers.
    Keywords:
    educational process, digital literacy, soft skills, teachers, soft skills components
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  • The Process of Integrating the Interactive Video Service Playphrase.Me into the Development of Phonetic Competence in 6th Grade Students at the English Language Lessons

    Research Article
    Development of education Volume 9 No 1
    Authors:
    Emiliia I. Sabirova, Guzel R. Nasibullova
    Work direction:
    Pedagogy and Modern Education
    Abstract:
    The article discusses the problem of developing phonetic skills in secondary school students through the integration of digital interactive technologies, in particular the online platform PlayPhrase.me. In the context of globalisation and increasing demands for practical foreign language skills, the issues of forming stable pronunciation and listening skills are becoming particularly important. Analysing the limitations of traditional methods based on textbooks and reproductive exercises, the authors conclude that the modern educational reality requires new teaching methods that are appropriate for the digital age. The article proposes a specific methodology for organising the English language learning process through the systematic use of interactive resources. It justifies the use of authentic video materials selected with the help of PlayPhrase.me in lessons, which help students immerse themselves in a natural language context, increase their motivation to study the subject, and contribute to more effective acquisition of phonetic norms and the development of communication skills. The experiment with 6th grade students at Arskaya Secondary School No. 6 showed a significant increase in phonetic competence using this platform, highlighting its flexibility for adaptation to different learning stages and language aspects.
    Keywords:
    authentic materials, interactive learning, digitalisation of education, pedagogical technology, PlayPhrase, game-based methods, phonetic skills, listening comprehension
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  • Dynamics of Components of Psychological Readiness of Teachers-Psychologists for Professional Activities in the Context of Digitalization of Education

    Research Article
    Development of education Volume 9 No 1
    Author:
    Viktoria V. Usoltseva
    Work direction:
    Psychology in Education
    Abstract:
    Digital transformation of education is an integral part of the educational process in modern schools, which determines the active professional position of teachers-psychologists in digital education. The object of scientific research is the psychological readiness of teachers-psychologists and the formation of its components in the process of professional activity in the context of digitalization of school education. The article presents an analysis of the results of a study of the psychological readiness of teachers-psychologists in 2021 and 2024. This analysis revealed the dynamics of the formation of individual components of the psychological readiness of school psychologists at different stages of digitalization. The study of the components of the psychological readiness of school psychologists used the method of comparative analysis of data from two cross-sectional surveys obtained using standardized and author's methods. The main result of the study is the positive dynamics of the information-cognitive, emotional-volitional, motivational-value, and operational-activity components of the psychological readiness of school psychologists. Significant differences were confirmed by statistical analysis of the obtained data. In conclusion, the article presents the scientific and practical significance of the research, which reflects a conceptual description of the sequence of forming individual components of psychological readiness and recommendations for forming not only informational and emotional, but also motivational and value-based characteristics of professional activity within the framework of advanced training courses.
    Keywords:
    professional activity, psychological readiness, educational psychologists, information-cognitive component, emotional-volitional component, motivational-value component, operational-activity component
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  • Endemic caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) of the Greater Caucasus: structure, formation, and protection

    Conference Paper
    "The relevant problems of biological diversity"
    Authors:
    Vladimir D. Ivanov, Stanislav I. Melnitskii, Susanna K. Cherchesova
    Work direction:
    Актуальные вопросы систематики, генетики, анатомии и морфологии беспозвоночных животных
    Abstract:
    Авторами статьи рассмотрены вопросы эндемизма насекомых отряда ручейников Кавказской горной страны (Большого Кавказа) и охраны эндемиков. Отмечается, что сейчас на Большом Кавказе известно 20 видов эндемичных ручейников из полутора сотен видов местной фауны этого отряда. Дан аннотированный список видов, показано наличие эндемиков в семействах Rhyacophilidae, Philopotamidae, Glossosomatidae, Hydropsychidae, Polycentropodidae, Psychomyiidae, Beraeidae, Lepidostomatidae, Limnephilidae. Рассмотрены возможности формирования эндемизма как в ходе эволюции на Кавказе, так и за счёт сочетания процессов миграции и вымирания. Восточный Кавказ имеет меньшее число эндемичных кавказских видов. Охраны заслуживают в первую очередь локальные эндемичные виды низкогорий, испытывающие антропогенное давление туризма и сельского хозяйства.
    Keywords:
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